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ISC Class XII Notes 2024 : Sociology

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JAJMANI SYSTEM Jajmani system is considered to be the backbone of rural economy and social order. It is a system of traditional occupational obligations associated with the Hindu caste system. Relationships of production among villagers until very recently were mainly within their villages. All over India these relationships were more or less regulated and given sacred sanctions by what anthropologists call the Jajmani System. These were systems of exchange within villages whereby landholding families received from families of occupational specialists and others (potters and labourers) certain specified services and remunerated them with cash and/or ind (grains or portions of land). These are called Jajmani relations. The various castes into which the Indian society was divided were independent because of the existence of the principle of give and take, the exchange of goods and services between them. There was an element of mutual reciprocity, despite social inequality. The traditional jajmani relations are more conspicuous in village life because they entail ritual matters and social support as well as economic exchanges. The term jajmani refers to the whole relationship. The supplier of the goods and services is called kamin , parjan and pardhan . Jajamani relations were durable because they were inherited in the male like. In the jajamani ideal, the potter s ancestors would have supplied pots to his jajaman s ancestors, and the descendants would follow the system. The jajami relationship tended to be a multiple bond in which two families did share a long series of rights and obligations. They would share in ceremonial as well as economic exchange. Today the jajmani systems have been largely dismantled. In many villages all over India by the onslaught of modernity upon village life like increasing use of money in village economy and market transactions made more feasible by modern transport, opportunities to work outside, technology and Green Revolution led to the disintegration of the system. However, villages in many parts of India have been found to continue with at least some jajmani like relations.

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