Vignesh Natarajan − Profile

It is a disorder caused by lack of production of enzyme Phenylalanine hydroxylase, causing accumulation of Phenylalanine breakdown products in the body. Some symptoms include:-Mental retardation, presence of phenylpyruvic acid and its derivatives in urine.

Analysis of traits over severeal generations of a family. It can be used to trace the inheritance of a particular trait over generations.

It is an alteration to the genetic code that is heritable. Mutagens.

In this, haploid sex chromosome represents one sex and diploid sex chromosome represents the other. Eg. Grasshopper

Refer Defn and examples.

Here, the heterogametous condition decides the female sex. Eg. Birds.

It is when the male sex is decided by heterogametous condition. Eg, Humans

Birds:ZZ-ZW

Fly:XX-XY

Grasshopper:XX-XO

Humans:XX-XY