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Class 11 ISC Notes 2017 : Biology (Ashoka Universal School (AUS), Nashik)BY HARDIK SANGHAVI

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NCERT Solutions, CBSE Sample paper, Latest Syllabus, NCERT Books, Last Year Question Papers and Many More ... HOME Question Papers NCERT Solutions CBSE Papers CBSE Notes E-BOOKS About Chapter 17 Chapter 2 Biological Classification Breathing and Exchange of Gases Chapter 18 Body Fluids and Circulation Chapter 1 The Terms Revision: Living World Plant body without true stem, root & Chapter 2 1. Thallus : Leaf. Biological 2. Plankton : Organism living in salty areas. Classification Plants floating passively in water Chapter 3 3. Halophiles : current. Plant Kingdom Using chemical reactions as energy Chapter 4 4. Chemosynthetic : source Animal Kingdom Unable to synthesise own food and 5. Heterotrophic : dependent on others for food. chapter 5 Morphology of 6. Pathogenic : Main body of slime mould. Flowering Organism feeding on dead & decaying 7. Plasmodium : Plants organic matter. Chapter 6 Organism which depend on living host 8. Saprophyte : Anatomy Of for food Biological Classification Kingdoms PDF Free Download Notes Flowering Plants Chapter 7 Structural Organisation In Animals Chapter 8 Cell - The Unit Of Life Chapter 9 Biomolecules Chapter 11 Transport In Plants Chapter 10 Cell Cycle And Cell Division Chapter 12 Mineral Nutrition Chapter 13 Photosynthesis In Higher Plants Chapter 14 Respiration In Plants Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Chapter 19 Excretjory Products and their Elimnation Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination Chapter 22 Chemical 9. Parasite 10. Symbionts 11. Plasmogamy : Two organisms living together : benifitting each other. : Fusion of cytoplasm. 1. 2. 3. 4. : Fusion of nuclei. : A cell with two nuclei. : Stage of fungus with dikaryotic cells. : : Morphologically identical gametes Morphologically non identical : Gametes. Female gamete oosphere and Male : gamete motile. Karyogamy Dikaryon Dikaryophase Isogamous 5. Anisogamous 6. Oogamous LET US LEARN THE LESSON Introduction : 1.Aristotle classified organisms for the first time. 2. Two kingdom system includes Plantae &Animalia. Demerits of Two Kingdom 1.system 1. No difference in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. 2.Heterotrophic Fungi kept in Plantae. 3. Five kingdom system is given by R.H Whittaker (1969) viz. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Kingdom Monera 1. Prokaryotic unicellular organisms. 2. Most abundant. 3. Also live in extreme habitats viz. Hotsprings, Snow etc. as endoparasite etc. 4. eg. Bacteria. - Some bacteria are autotrophic others are heterotrophic. Archaebacteria - Cellwall different from other bacteria. - Live in most harsh habitats eg. Halophile. - Methanogens are found in the gut of ruminants and produce methane (CH4) gas. Eubacteria - True bacteria. - Rigid cellwall with or without flagellum. - Cyanobacteria( Blue green algae) are also included in this group. - Cyanobacteria are Photosynthetic autotrophs, unicellular, colonial or filamentous, with gelatinous sheath. - Have Heterocyst for N2fixation eg. Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Rivularia, Gloeotrichia etc. - Mostly bacteria are Heterotrophs and are useful and harmful both to humans. Coordination and Integration -Reproduction occurs by fission. Also by primitive type of sexual reproduction, by transferring DNA piece from one bacterial cell(+ strain) to other (- strain) (called cell Transduction). Mycoplasma - Smallest unicellular anaerobic organisms having no cellwall. - Pathogenic in plants and animals. Kingdom Protista - Unicellular eukaryotes. - Primarily aquatic. - Some have cilia and flagella. - Reproduction sexual and asexual both. Crysophytes - Fresh water or marine microscopic Planktons. - Mostly photosynthetic and cheif producer in ocean eg. Diatomsand Golden algae (Desmids). - Diatoms with cellwalls in two halves having Silica (indistructible). - Diatomaceous earth is formed by cellwall deposits of Diatoms and used in polishing, filtration of oils and syrups, fire bricks and explosives. Dinofagellates - Marine. - Photosynthetic yellow , green, blue, brown or red in colour. - One longitudinal and other transverse two flagella. - Gonyaulax causes Red tides. Euglenoids - Fresh water forms. - No cellwall, outer most layer pellicle. - Two unequal flagella. - Photosynthetic but also heterotrophic in absence of light ( Mixotroph). eg. Euglena. Slime moulds - Saprophytes. - Body is an aggregation called Plasmodium ( multinucleate, without cellwall, irregular in shape and can spreadover several feet ). - Plasmodium produces fruiting body having spores with walls which are highly resistant and spread through wind. Protozoans - Fresh water or marine unicellular heterotrophs. - Primitive relative of animals.strong (a) Amoeboid Protozoans - Free living or parasites. - Pseudopodia (false feet) formed eg. Amoeba ,Entamoeba. Flagellated Protozoans - Free living or Parasitic with flagella eg.Trypanosoma( causessleeping sickness). 1. Ciliated Protozoans - With cilia eg. Paramecium(sleeper animalcule). (d) Sporozoans - Spore like stage in life eg. Plasmodium vivax. Kingdom Fungi - Fungi are a group of achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms with cell wall without cellulose. - Saprophyte or Parasite or Symbiotic. - Useful and Harmful both. - Prefer to grow in warm and humid places. - Unicellular (eg. Yeast) to multicellular filamentous body called mycelium. - One unit of mycelium called hypha . - Mycelia maybe coenocytic (no septum) or septate. - Lichens : Symbiotic association of fungus and algae. - Mycorrhiza ; Symbiotic association of fungi with root of higher plants eg. Pinus. - Reproduction : Vegetative : by fragmentation and by spores.Sexual: by gametes. - Three steps in sexual reproduction 1. Plasmogamy : fusion of protoplasm. 2 .Karyogamy :- fusion of nuclei. 3. Meiosis of zygote. Phycomycetes - Grow on aquatic places or decaying wood or damp places or obligate parasite. - Mycelium aseptate, coenocytic.- Reproduction - asexual by zoospores or aplanospores. Sexual by zygospores. Ascomycets (sac fungi)-Unicellular (eg. Yeast) or multicellular -Saprophytic or parasitic. -Maybe coprophillus (growing on dung) eg. peziza. -Mycelium septate and branched. -Reproduction asexual by exogenously produced conidia. -sexually by Ascospares produced in asci present in fruiting body called Ascocarp. -egAspergillus, Claviceps, Neurospora, Saccharomyces (yeast) etc. Basidiomycetes (club fungi) - Grow on soil , logs or parasites ( rusts and smuts). - Mycelium septate and branched and of two types - Uninucleate 2) Dikaryophase. - Reproduction vegetative by fragmentation sexualby two somatic cells giving rise to Dikaryophase. - Dikaryophase makes fruiting body Basidiocarp having Basidia. - Inside basidia (singular basidium) - Karyogamy and meiosis occours. - Meiosis results in formation of four basidiopores. eg. Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut fungi), Puccinia (rust fungus). Deuteromycetes (Fungi- imperfectil) - It is formed class Group of Fungi whose complete life cycle is not known.-Saprophyte/parasite , mostly decomposers.- eg. Alternaria, colletotrichum, Trichoderma. Kingdom Plantae - Eukaryotic, chlorophyll bearing autotrophic organisms. - Only few members partialheterotrophs eg. Insectivorus plants (Bladder wort and Venus flytrap). - Few parasites eg. Cuscuta - Reproduction vegetative,asexual and sexual. - Life cycle shows alternation of generation. - eg. Algae, Bryophytes,Pteridophyte, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Kingdom Animalia - Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic organisms. - No chloroplast and no cell wall. -Holozoic mode of nutrition - Definite shape and size and capable of locomotion. Reproduction - sexual in general - eg. frog, cockroach, cow, man etc. - Viruses, Viroids and Lichens - Viruses Connecting link between living and non living. - Non cellular structure consisting of protein coat and Nucleic acid - Can reproduce within a host cell. - Host cell may be killed. - Viruses which infect bacteria are called Bacteriophage. - Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)- Protein coat: - capsid consists of capsomers. - Viruses can cause diseases viz. Mumps, Small pox, Herpes, Influenza, AIDS etc. Viroids - Free RNA without protein coat. Lichens - Composite organisms. -Symbiotic association between Algae (Phycobiont),Fungi (Mycobiont). Open your video in VLC player or add '.mp4' extension at end of the video Biological Classification Kingdoms PDF Free Download Notes classification of animals, binomial nomenclature, animal classification, what is cloning, taxon, what is a cell, classification of flora Please Click on G-plus or Facebook Please send your queries at contact ncerthelp@gmail.com Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy of data on this web site. We are not responsible for any type of mistake in data. All pdf files or link of pdf files are collected from various Resources Or sent by Students. If any pdf file have any copyright voilation please inform us we shell remove that file from our website.Thanks

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