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Class 10 Notes 2017 : Geography

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HISTORY, CIVICS AND GEOGRAPHY (50) GEOGRAPHY H.C.G. - Paper - 2 5. To acquire knowledge of and appreciate the interdependence of nations and different regions of the world. Aims: 1. To develop an understanding of terms, concepts and principles related to Geography. 6. To know the availability of resources, understand, explain their uses and appreciate the problems of development in India and South Asia. 2. To explain the cause- effect relationships of natural phenomena. 3. To understand the patterns and processes that affect human response to natural environment. 7. To acquire practical skills related to the meaning and use of maps and their use in the study of geography. 4. To understand the use of natural resources and development of regions by mankind. CLASS IX There will be one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks. (ii) Geographic grid - Latitudes and longitudes; locating places on the Earth; longitude and time; local and standard time; Great Circle routes and International dateline. The question paper will consist of Part I and Part II. Part I (compulsory) will consist of two questions. Question 1 will consist of short answer questions from the entire syllabus and Question 2 will consist of a question based on Map. Candidates will be expected to answer all questions. (a) Concept of latitudes: main latitudes, the location with degrees, parallels of latitude and their uses. (b) Concept of longitudes Prime Meridian, time(local, standard and time zones, GMT and International Date Line (IDL). Eastern and Western hemisphere. (c) Using latitudes and longitudes to find locations. Uses of the Great Circle. Part II. Candidates will be required to choose any five questions. Candidates will be expected to make the fullest use of sketches, diagrams, graphs and charts in their answers. Questions may require answers involving the interpretation of photographs of geographical interest. (iii) Rotation of the earth and the alternation of day and night; Revolution of the earth and seasonal changes; Inclination of the earth's axis and its significance. Movements of the earth and their effects: (a) Rotation direction, speed, occurrence of day and night, effect of the inclination of the axis on the duration of day and night in summer and winter in both hemispheres. (b) Revolution of the earth, and its effects seasons in low and high latitudes. Equinoxes and solstices. PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY 1. Our World (i) Earth as a planet shape, size and its uniqueness in the solar system. Shape of the earth proofs from the earliest days till today. Size of the earth in proportion to the other planets and the unique position of the earth. Measurements of the earth. Earth as the home of humankind and the conditions that exist here. 2. Structure of the Earth and Internal Processes (i) Earth s Structure Core, mantle, crust - their structure i.e. internal composition, thickness, pressure, temperature, density. Forces originating in 66

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