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Environmental Science waste (Jamnabai Narsee School (JNS), Mumbai)

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Jamnabai Narsee School (JNS), Mumbai

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (GRADE 10) CHAPTER: WASTE 1. What is SOLID WASTE? Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage, refuse or rubbish is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Waste can be classified in several ways: o Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can also be recycled). o Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc. o Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris. o Electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) - electrical appliances, TVs, computers, screens, etc. o Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys. o Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers o Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, fungicides o Medical waste. 2. Differentiate between BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS. Biodegradable o Biodegradable items are things that can easily break, dissolve and fade away in time. o Like soil and other micro-organism or bacteria, they undergo natural process in a quick or slow time but not a threat to the environment. o Some of the wastes that decompose into soil are garden wastes, egg shells, and kitchen food scraps. o They are destroyed and dissembled by natural or biological elements, which include oxygen or air, ultraviolet light from the sun, and nitric acid that comes from the rain. Others also include microscopic elements or critters and soil. Non-Biodegradable o Things that are non-biodegradable cannot break down or dissolve for many years. o They become useful once more that s why we call them recyclable. o So, any wastes that are thrown in the garbage can be dumped in a recycling center or factor that can make them useful for other things. o Take the papers and thin boards as examples. They do not usually dissolve and vanish although they shrink. Yet, they can remain as debris on holes, water, etc. which may eventually damage the environment. That s why they are collected to be trimmed into pieces until they form again as new pieces of paper. o Non-biodegradable materials simply cannot be affected by natural process. o They do not react and dissolve easily on the soil. o Some of these items that are very common to use again at homes are aluminum cans, glasses, bottles, plastic products, metal scraps, grocery bags or other plastic bags, and even Styrofoam (polystyrene). o These and other non-biodegradable items must be stored properly after use so they can be recycled. Generally, the difference between non-biodegradable and biodegradable items is based their effects to both health and environment. Nevertheless, we can help our own government and other organizations 1

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