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Notes 1st Year 2020 : Mathematics

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Aditya Vyawahare
Vidya Valley School, Pune

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Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous) UNIT-I : WATER TECHNOLOGY Introduction: Water is nature s most wonderful, abundant, useful compound and is an essential without it one cannot survive. It occupies a unique position in industries. Its most important use is as an engineering material in the steam generation. Water is also used as coolant in power and chemical plants. It is also used in other fields such as production of steel, rayon, paper, atomic energy, textiles, chemicals, ice and for air-conditioning, drinking, bathing, sanitary, washing, irrigation, etc. Occurrence: Water is widely distributed in nature. It has been estimated that about 75% matter on earth s surface consists of water. The body of human being consists of about 60% of water. Plants, fruits and vegetables contain 90-95% of water. Sources of Water: Different sources of water are: 1. Surface Waters: Rain water (purest form of natural water), River water, Lake Water, Sea water (most impure form of natural water). 2. Underground Waters: Spring and Well water. Underground waters have high organic impurity. 1Q. Explain why hard water does not lather with soap? (Or) What is the cause of hardness of water? (Or) Write short notes on hardness of water. (Or) What is hardness of water due to? Hardness:Hardness of water is a characteristic property by which water prevents lathering of soap . Causes: The hardness of water is due to presence of certain salts (mainly bicarbonates, sulphates and Chlorides) of Ca, Mg and few other heavy metal salts dissolved in water. 1

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