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| ICSE Class X Prelims 2025 : Biology (Lokhandwala Foundation School (LFS), Kandivali East, Mumbai) | |
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a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A. Assertion (A) states that blood plasma transports hormones. This is true because hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream, and the blood plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries them. Reason (R) states that hormones are water-soluble and can be dissolved in plasma. This is also true for many hormones, particularly peptide and protein hormones. Water-soluble hormones can easily dissolve in the aqueous plasma and be transported to their target cells. For steroid hormones, which are lipid-soluble, they are transported bound to plasma proteins. However, the statement that hormones are water-soluble and can be dissolved in plasma is generally true for a significant number of hormones and is a correct explanation for how they are transported. Thus, R correctly explains A. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) B will be more effective in treating human excreta in the municipal waste. (b) Justification: STP B includes biological treatment before sequential filtration. Biological treatment allows for the microbial breakdown of organic matter and pathogens in the sewage, which is a crucial step in effectively purifying the waste. Sequential filtration alone might remove solid particles but would be less effective in removing dissolved organic pollutants and microorganisms. Therefore, the inclusion of a biological treatment stage makes STP B more efficient. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(b) Refer to the diagram: A Venn diagram with two overlapping circles, labeled P and R. Circle P includes parts of the human female reproductive system that support conception. Circle R includes parts that support pregnancy. The overlap region represents parts common to both conception and pregnancy. (i) Name one part each that belong to: P: Fallopian tube (oviduct) - Site of fertilization (conception). R: Uterus - Site where the embryo implants and develops during pregnancy. (ii) Name two parts that function as endocrine glands and indicate whether they belong to P or R. 1. Ovary: Functions as an endocrine gland producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial for both conception (regulating ovulation) and pregnancy (maintaining the uterine lining). It belongs to both P and R as it is involved in processes supporting both. 2. Placenta: Forms during pregnancy and functions as an endocrine gland, producing hormones like progesterone, estrogen, and hCG, essential for maintaining pregnancy. It primarily belongs to R (pregnancy). (Note: While ovaries are part of the reproductive system supporting conception, their endocrine function extends to supporting pregnancy. The placenta is primarily associated with pregnancy.) ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Comparison of oogenesis and spermatogenesis: | Parameter | Oogenesis | Spermatogenesis | Comparison | | :------------------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Number of gametes produced from one oocyte or spermatocyte | One functional ovum (egg cell) and polar bodies | Four functional spermatozoa (sperm cells) | Spermatogenesis produces a significantly larger number of gametes compared to oogenesis. | | Onset | Begins during fetal development | Begins at puberty | Oogenesis starts much earlier in life than spermatogenesis. | (b) Oogenesis and spermatogenesis share some similarities, such as both being meiotic processes that produce haploid gametes. Both involve DNA replication and two successive meiotic divisions. However, they differ significantly in terms of timing, number of gametes produced, and cytoplasmic division (unequal in oogenesis, equal in spermatogenesis). ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Draw a neat, labeled diagram of a Replication fork. A replication fork is a Y-shaped structure that forms during DNA replication. It is the site where the DNA double helix unwinds, and new DNA strands are synthesized. The diagram should show: 1. The unwound DNA double helix. 2. Two parental strands, each serving as a template. 3. Two newly synthesized daughter strands (one continuous, one discontinuous). 4. The enzyme DNA polymerase. 5. The enzyme helicase unwinding the DNA. 6. The leading strand being synthesized continuously towards the fork. 7. The lagging strand being synthesized discontinuously in Okazaki fragments away from the fork. 8. Primase synthesizing RNA primers. 9. Ligase joining Okazaki fragments. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes. It consists of a core particle made up of eight histone proteins (two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) around which approximately 147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped. A linker DNA segment connects adjacent nucleosomes, and the H1 histone is often associated with the linker DNA, helping to stabilize the structure. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) The first peak represents the primary immune response following the initial exposure to the pathogen. The second, larger peak represents the secondary immune response after a subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. (b) The difference in the size of the two peaks is because the secondary immune response is faster, stronger, and longer-lasting than the primary response. This is due to immunological memory, where memory B cells and T cells are rapidly activated upon re-exposure. (c) The technique that could be artificially applied is vaccination. Vaccination involves introducing a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen (or its antigens) into the body. This triggers a primary immune response, leading to the formation of memory cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the actual pathogen, the body mounts a rapid and effective secondary immune response, providing immunity without causing the disease. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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The given equation is dN/dt = rN. (i) This equation describes the exponential growth model or geometric growth pattern of a population. (ii) 'r' in the equation signifies the intrinsic rate of natural increase. It is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a population when resources are unlimited. (iii) If the population density N is plotted against time t, the type of growth curve obtained will be a J-shaped curve. (iv) In this type of growth, the resource availability will be unlimited for a certain period, as the population grows exponentially. However, this unlimited resource availability is unsustainable in the long term for a growing population. Eventually, resources will become limited, leading to a carrying capacity and a change in the growth pattern (e.g., logistic growth). ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Given: Total rabbits = 1000 Long ears (LL) = 360 Medium ears (Lj) = 150 Short ears (jj) = 490 (a) Frequency of individuals per each genotype: Frequency of LL = Number of LL individuals / Total number of individuals = 360 / 1000 = 0.36 Frequency of Lj = Number of Lj individuals / Total number of individuals = 150 / 1000 = 0.15 Frequency of jj = Number of jj individuals / Total number of individuals = 490 / 1000 = 0.49 (b) Allele frequencies of L and j: Let p be the frequency of allele L, and q be the frequency of allele j. We know that p + q = 1. From genotype frequencies: p = Frequency of LL + (1/2) * Frequency of Lj p = 0.36 + (1/2) * 0.15 p = 0.36 + 0.075 p = 0.435 q = Frequency of jj + (1/2) * Frequency of Lj q = 0.49 + (1/2) * 0.15 q = 0.49 + 0.075 q = 0.565 Check: p + q = 0.435 + 0.565 = 1.00 (c) To determine if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we compare the observed genotype frequencies with the expected genotype frequencies. Expected genotype frequencies are calculated using p and q: Expected frequency of LL = p^2 = (0.435)^2 = 0.189225 Expected frequency of Lj = 2pq = 2 * 0.435 * 0.565 = 0.49155 Expected frequency of jj = q^2 = (0.565)^2 = 0.319225 Comparing observed and expected frequencies: Observed LL: 0.36, Expected LL: 0.189225 Observed Lj: 0.15, Expected Lj: 0.49155 Observed jj: 0.49, Expected jj: 0.319225 The observed genotype frequencies (0.36, 0.15, 0.49) are significantly different from the expected genotype frequencies (0.189, 0.492, 0.319). Therefore, the population is NOT in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This could be due to factors like non-random mating, selection, mutation, migration, or genetic drift. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(i) X represents Crustaceans and Y represents Other animal groups. (ii) Crustaceans (X) is the most species-rich taxonomic group among the given options. This is because crustaceans include a vast array of species, from tiny zooplankton to large crabs and lobsters, inhabiting diverse aquatic environments. (iii) Tropics show the greatest level of species diversity due to several factors including a longer evolutionary history with less disturbance, higher solar energy input and rainfall promoting productivity, and greater niche specialization allowing for coexistence of more species. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) This unauthorized act is called Biopiracy. Biopiracy is the appropriation of the knowledge of indigenous peoples relating to the medicines and other biological resources and then claiming it as their own invention. (b) Indian farmers are set to lose in the following two ways: 1. Loss of traditional rights: They may lose their traditional rights to cultivate, sell, and use their own traditional varieties of Basmati rice. 2. Economic exploitation: The American company can monopolize the market, forcing farmers to buy seeds from them at higher prices or limiting their ability to sell their produce in certain markets. (c) Two measures that different countries are taking to prevent such unauthorized exploitation of their bio-resources are: 1. Legislation and Patent Laws: Enacting and enforcing national laws and international agreements that protect traditional knowledge and prevent the unauthorized patenting of biological resources and associated knowledge. 2. Benefit Sharing Agreements: Establishing agreements that ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources and traditional knowledge with the indigenous communities and countries of origin. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(b) (i) The oral contraceptive pills shown in the image prevent pregnancy primarily by inhibiting ovulation. They may also thicken cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and alter the uterine lining to prevent implantation. The 7-day gap after the 21st day is a placebo week or a break week, during which a withdrawal bleed (similar to menstruation) occurs, mimicking a natural cycle and helping the user maintain the habit. (ii) No, oral contraceptive pills would not be recommended as the sole contraceptive method in this situation. Hepatitis-B is a sexually transmitted infection, and oral pills do not protect against STIs. Barrier methods like condoms are necessary to prevent the transmission of Hepatitis-B. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Intra-Uterine Transfer (IUT) involves the transfer of the embryo into the uterus, while Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) involves the artificial introduction of sperm into the uterus. (b) (i) The oral contraceptive pills block ovulation and implantation. The gap of 7 days after the 21st day is for the withdrawal of hormones, which leads to menstruation, preparing the body for the next cycle. (ii) No, oral pills would not be recommended as the ONLY contraceptive. Hepatitis-B is a serious viral infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact. While oral pills prevent pregnancy, they do not offer protection against sexually transmitted infections like Hepatitis-B. Therefore, barrier methods like condoms would be necessary. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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The pie chart represents the global biodiversity by proportionate number of species. (i) The category 'X' represents insects. (ii) The category 'Y' represents other animal groups. (iii) Tropics show the greatest level of species diversity due to factors like a longer period of evolutionary stability, a longer growing season with abundant sunlight and rainfall, and a higher rate of speciation. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) X represents lymphatic vessels and Y represents lymph nodes. (b) Lymphatic vessels transport lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that filter the lymph and house immune cells, playing a crucial role in the immune response by trapping pathogens and initiating immune reactions. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Sweet potato and potato are analogous organs. They are both modified plant structures used for storage, but they originate from different parts of the plant (sweet potato from a root, potato from a stem). (b) The eye of an octopus and the eye of a mammal are analogous organs. They serve the same function (vision) but have evolved independently and have different underlying structures. (c) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are homologous organs. Thorns are modified stem branches, while tendrils are also modified stem branches. They share a common origin but have different functions. (d) The forelimbs of a bat and a whale are homologous organs. They have the same basic bone structure inherited from a common ancestor, but they have been adapted for different functions (flight in bats, swimming in whales). ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Forest B has the maximum energy loss by respiration. This is because the net primary productivity (NPP) is the difference between the gross primary productivity (GPP) and the respiration (R). The formula is NPP = GPP - R. Since the GPP of all forests is the same, a lower NPP indicates a higher respiration rate. Forest B has the lowest NPP (2157 J/m²/day) compared to Forest A (1254 J/m²/day) and Forest C (779 J/m²/day). This implies that Forest B loses the most energy through respiration. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) A disease for which gene therapy has been successful is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). (b) One limitation of gene therapy is the possibility of an immune response against the vector used to deliver the genes, which can cause inflammation or other adverse effects. Another limitation is that the therapeutic gene may not be inserted into the correct location in the DNA, potentially disrupting other genes. A permanent cure for SCID would involve correcting the genetic defect in the stem cells of the bone marrow, which produce all blood cells. This could be achieved through gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, which can precisely modify the DNA. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Offspring numbered 1 in Generation II has blood group O and genotype OO. (b) The possible blood groups and genotypes of the offspring numbered 2 and 3 in Generation III are: Offspring 2: Blood group A, Genotype AA or AO. Blood group B, Genotype BB or BO. Blood group AB, Genotype AB. Blood group O, Genotype OO. Offspring 3: Blood group A, Genotype AA or AO. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Cell A is the ovum (egg cell), which is the female gamete. Its function is to fuse with the male gamete (sperm) during fertilization to form a zygote. Cell B is the pollen grain, which contains the male gametes. Its function is to deliver the male gametes to the ovule for fertilization. (b) Cell D gets converted to cell E through a process called meiosis. This is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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The diagram shows a seed. A is the cotyledon, which stores food. B is the plumule, which develops into the shoot. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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(a) Transgenic mice models are preferred over human models to study human diseases because they can be bred and studied in controlled environments, allowing for faster and more ethical research. They also share a significant genetic similarity with humans, making them suitable for modeling complex diseases like Alzheimer's. (b) Egret birds are often seen grazing cattle because they benefit from a symbiotic relationship. The cattle disturb insects and other small creatures as they graze, making them easier for the egrets to catch and eat. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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The tentative date of ovulation would be estimated around February 5th. Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. Assuming a 28-day cycle, counting 14 days from January 22nd leads to February 5th. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Q refers to the coconut endosperm. The coconut water is likely to have been spilled or absorbed by the flesh, as it is a liquid that would normally fill the cavity. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Gottfried Haberlandt ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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The scientist who contributed to the discovery of the enzyme Polynucleotide Phosphorylase is Jerard Hurwitz. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM). One advantage of IPM is that it reduces reliance on chemical pesticides, which can harm the environment and human health. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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Perisperm is the persistent part of the nucellus which is found in some seeds, serving as stored food material for the developing embryo. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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A Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a natural genetic engineer due to its ability to transfer genes to plant cells, and its association with plant roots facilitates this process. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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B Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. The detritus food chain begins with dead organic matter and energy flows from decomposers to consumers, not directly from solar energy. ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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C. Separation of eye lids 24 weeks ai_gemini |
| ISC Class XII Prelims 2025 : Biology (GEMS Modern Academy, Dubai) | |
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A. Riya ai_gemini |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Biology (Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, Mumbai) | |
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The correct answer is b) Student 2 and 3. Oxygen and urea are transferred from mother to fetus. Amino acids and vitamins are also transferred. Carbon dioxide is a waste product and glucose is utilized by the fetus. ai_gemini |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Biology (Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, Mumbai) | |
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a) X chromosome of male ai_gemini |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Biology (Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, Mumbai) | |
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b) R and S. Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system. It is not colorful and does not contain hemoglobin or RBCs. It contains lymphocytes and some platelets, but its primary role is not clotting. Lymph is important for transporting nutrients and hormones, and it plays a crucial role in absorbing fats from the intestines through lacteals in the villi. ai_gemini |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Biology (Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, Mumbai) | |
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d) Both the parents are heterozygous dominant. Tongue rolling is a dominant trait. Since Ajay can roll his tongue, he has at least one dominant allele. Since Vijay cannot roll his tongue, he is homozygous recessive. For Vijay to be homozygous recessive, he must have inherited a recessive allele from each parent. Therefore, both parents must have at least one dominant allele and one recessive allele, making them heterozygous dominant. ai_gemini |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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PQ is tangent, so â BAC = â CBQ = 40° (alternate segment). x = 40°. AB = AC => â ABC = â ACB = (180°-40°)/2 = 70°. y = 2 * â BAC = 80°. In ÎOBC, OB=OC => â OBC = (180°-80°)/2 = 50°. w = â OBA = â ABC - â OBC = 70° - 50° = 20°. Angles in same segment: z = â BDC = â BAC = 40°. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) P(one girl) = 165/300 = 11/20. (b) P(one or more girl) = (165+95)/300 = 260/300 = 13/15. (c) P(no boy) = P(2 girls) = 95/300 = 19/60. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) x/a = 5b/(a-b). (b) Using componendo and dividendo: (x+a)/(x-a) = (5b + a - b) / (5b - a + b) = (a + 4b) / (6b - a). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) l = â(7² + 24²) = 25 cm. Assuming full sphere on top: TSA = 4Ïr² + 2Ïrh + Ïrl = Ïr(4r + 2h + l) = (22/7)7(28 + 48 + 25) = 22 * 101 = 2222 cm². (b) Cost = 2222 * 0.50 = â¹ 1111. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) A(4, 8), B(-1, 2), C(6, 2). (b) Midpoint of AC = ((4+6)/2, (8+2)/2) = (5, 5). Slope of AB = (8-2)/(4-(-1)) = 6/5. Equation: y - 5 = (6/5)(x - 5) => 5y - 25 = 6x - 30 => 6x - 5y - 5 = 0. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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-1 < (2x-3)/3 - x/5 ⤠1. Multiply by 15: -15 < 5(2x-3) - 3x ⤠15 => -15 < 10x - 15 - 3x ⤠15 => -15 < 7x - 15 ⤠15. Add 15: 0 < 7x ⤠30 => 0 < x ⤠30/7. Solution set: {x : 0 < x ⤠30/7, x â R}. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) ODEC: O(0,0), D(2,-3), E(5,-3), C(3,0). (b) OIJH: O(0,0), I(-2,-3), J(-5,-3), H(-3,0). (c) OFGH: O(0,0), F(-2,3), G(-5,3), H(-3,0). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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ar³ = 16; arⶠ= 128. Dividing gives r³ = 8 => r = 2. a(2)³ = 16 => 8a = 16 => a = 2. (a) Common ratio = 2. (b) First term = 2. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Vinay's interest = 300 * (24*25)/(2*12) * 8/100 = 600. (b) Rohit's interest = 600 + 800 = 1400. Let Rohit's deposit be P. 1400 = P * (24*25)/(2*12) * 8/100 = 2P => P = 700. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Median (N/2 = 50) â 56 kg. (b) Students ⥠60 kg = 100 - 70 = 30. Percentage = 30%. (c) Top 20% means above 80th percentile. Weight at cf=80 is â 63 kg. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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BC = 100 * tan(31°) = 100 * 0.6009 = 60.09 m. BD = 100 * tan(33°) = 100 * 0.6494 = 64.94 m. Height of flagpole CD = BD - BC = 64.94 - 60.09 = 4.85 m â 5 m. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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x - y = 5 => x = y + 5. 1/x + 1/y = 3/10 => 1/(y+5) + 1/y = 3/10 => (2y+5)/(y²+5y) = 3/10. 3y² + 15y = 20y + 50 => 3y² - 5y - 50 = 0 => (y-5)(3y+10) = 0. y = 5 (natural number). x = 10. Numbers are 10 and 5. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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A = 28, h = 8. ui = (xi - 28)/8. Σfi = 100. Σfiui = 10(-3) + 20(-2) + 14(-1) + 16(0) + 18(1) + 22(2) = -30 - 40 - 14 + 0 + 18 + 44 = -22. Mean = 28 + (-22/100)*8 = 28 - 1.76 = 26.24. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) MV = 100 + 25 = 125. Investment = 120 * 125 = 15000. (b) 1080 = 120 * (R/100) * 100 => 120R = 1080 => R = 9%. (c) Rate of return = (1080 / 15000) * 100 = 7.2%. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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x² - 4x + 4 - 5x - 3 = 0 => x² - 9x + 1 = 0. x = (9 ± â(81 - 4))/2 = (9 ± â77)/2. â77 â 8.775. x = (9 + 8.775)/2 = 8.8875 â 8.89; x = (9 - 8.775)/2 = 0.1125 â 0.113. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Let ratio be k:1. y-coord of P = (10k - 2)/(k+1) = 0 => k = 1/5. Ratio is 1:5. (b) x-coord of P = (1(2) + 5(-10))/6 = -48/6 = -8. P is (-8, 0). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Students 150 cm and above = 9 (150-160) + 4 (160-170) = 13. (b) Modal class is 130-140. Mode = 130 + ((14-9)/(28-9-12)) * 10 = 130 + (5/7)*10 â 137.14 cm. (c) Total students = 6 + 2 + 9 + 14 + 12 + 9 + 4 = 56. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) ÎADE ~ ÎABC (AA similarity). DE/BC = AD/AB = 2/(2+3) = 2/5. (b) ÎDFE ~ ÎCFB (AA similarity: vertically opposite and alternate interior angles). (c) Area(ÎDFE)/Area(ÎCFB) = (DE/BC)² = 4/25. 16/Area(ÎCFB) = 4/25 => Area(ÎCFB) = 100 sq units. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Discounted price = 24000 - 10% of 24000 = 24000 - 2400 = 21600. (b) Amount paid = 21600 + 12% of 21600 = 21600 + 2592 = 24192. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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LHS = (1/cosθ - cosθ)(1/sinθ - sinθ) = ((1-cos²θ)/cosθ) * ((1-sin²θ)/sinθ) = (sin²θ/cosθ) * (cos²θ/sinθ) = sinθcosθ = RHS. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) Draw BC = 5 cm, arcs of 5 cm from B and C to find A. Join AB, AC. (b) Draw perpendicular bisectors of any two sides to find circumcentre O. Draw circle with centre O and radius OA. (c) Draw angle bisector of â B. Mark intersection with circumcircle as D. (d) ABCD is a kite. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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r = 3.5 cm. h_cyl = 7 cm, h_cone = 7 cm. (a) Minimum height = r_hemi + h_cyl + h_cone = 3.5 + 7 + 7 = 17.5 cm. (b) Volume = (2/3)Ïr³ + Ïr²h_cyl = Ïr²(2r/3 + h_cyl) = (22/7) * 12.25 * (7/3 + 7) = 38.5 * (28/3) = 359.33 cm³. Nearest whole number = 359 cm³. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) P(-1) = 6 => k(-1)³ + 3(-1)² - 11(-1) - 6 = 6 => -k + 3 + 11 - 6 = 6 => k = 2. (b) 2x³ + 3x² - 11x - 6. P(2) = 0, so (x-2) is a factor. Dividing gives (x-2)(2x² + 7x + 3) = (x-2)(x+3)(2x+1). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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DE is tangent at B, so â OBE = 90°. In right ÎOBD, â BOD = 180° - 90° - 32° = 58°. x = â AOB = 180° - 58° = 122° (linear pair). In ÎOAB, OA = OB, so 2y + 122° = 180° => 2y = 58° => y = 29°. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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AB = [[3(-1)+1(3), 3a-5], [5(-1)+3(3), 5a-15]] = [[0, 3a-5], [4, 5a-15]]. Equating to given AB: b = 0. 3a - 5 = 7 => 3a = 12 => a = 4. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(a) a + 3d = 60; a + 6d = 114. Subtracting gives 3d = 54 => d = 18. a + 3(18) = 60 => a = 6. (b) S10 = (10/2)[2(6) + 9(18)] = 5[12 + 162] = 5 * 174 = 870. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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a = 6, r = -2. T9 = a*r^8 = 6*(-2)^8 = 6*256, which is positive. Both A and R are true, and R explains A. Answer: (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Matrix A is 2x2 and Matrix B is 1x2. The number of columns in A (2) does not equal the number of rows in B (1), so the product AB is not possible. Answer: (d) product AB is not possible ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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In a right-angled triangle, the midpoint of the hypotenuse is equidistant from all three vertices. Midpoint of AB = ((0+2x)/2, (2y+0)/2) = (x, y). Answer: (a) (x, y) ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Let P(x) = x³ + 7x² + 3x + 2 + k. For it to be divisible by (x+2), P(-2) = 0. (-2)³ + 7(-2)² + 3(-2) + 2 + k = 0 -8 + 28 - 6 + 2 + k = 0 => 16 + k = 0 => k = -16. Answer: (b) -16 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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The ratio of corresponding altitudes of similar triangles is the square root of the ratio of their areas. Ratio = â9 : â64 = 3 : 8. Answer: (a) 3 : 8 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Assertion (A) is false because the probability of getting a number greater than 6 on a standard die is 0. Reason (R) is true. Answer: (b) (A) is false and (R) is true. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Discriminant Π= (-6)² - 4(3)(-3) = 36 + 36 = 72. Since Π> 0 and not a perfect square, the roots are real, distinct and irrational. Answer: (c) real, distinct and irrational ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the interior opposite angle. â ABC = â CDE = 65°. Angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference: x = 2 * 65° = 130°. Answer: (d) 130° ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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4ÏR² = 3Ïr² R²/r² = 3/4 => R/r = â3/2 Answer: (c) â3 : 2 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Dividend on 1 share = 9% of 20 = 1.8 Let market value be x. Return = 12% of x = 0.12x 0.12x = 1.8 => x = 15 Answer: (b) â¹ 15 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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A line parallel to the x-axis has the equation y = c. Since the y-intercept is 6, the equation is y = 6. Answer: (a) y = 6 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Amount invested by A = 1500 * 12 = 18000 Amount invested by B = 1200 * 15 = 18000 Answer: (d) Both A and B are same (â¹ 18,000) ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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The mode is the most frequent value in the dataset. 9 appears three times. Answer: (d) 9 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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Rate of GST = (2160 / 12000) * 100 = 18% Answer: (c) 18% ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Board Exam 2026 : Mathematics | |
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(x+3)/1 = (3x-7)/-5 -5x - 15 = 3x - 7 -8x = 8 => x = -1 Answer: (a) -1 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) A spanner with a long handle provides a larger perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation (the nut) to the point of application of force. Since torque (the turning effect) is the product of force and perpendicular distance, a larger distance allows the required torque to be generated with a much smaller applied force, making it easier to loosen the nut. (b) To loosen a standard right-handed thread nut, the spanner must be rotated in the anti-clockwise direction when looking from above. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Let the distance of person A from the cliff be x, and the distance of person B from the cliff be y. Since B is behind A, y > x. The first sound heard by B travels directly from A to B. The distance is (y - x). Time t1 = 2 s. Distance = speed * time => y - x = 320 * 2 = 640 m. (Equation 1) The second sound travels from A to the cliff and reflects back to B. The total distance is x + y. Time t2 = 3 s. Distance = speed * time => x + y = 320 * 3 = 960 m. (Equation 2) Adding Eq 1 and Eq 2: 2y = 1600 => y = 800 m. Subtracting Eq 1 from Eq 2: 2x = 320 => x = 160 m. Therefore, x = 160 m and y = 800 m. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) The phenomenon responsible for the formation of this image is Total Internal Reflection. (b) Total internal reflection is the phenomenon that occurs when a ray of light traveling from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium strikes the boundary at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle for that pair of media, causing the light to be completely reflected back into the denser medium. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Both person P and person Q do the exact same amount of work against the gravitational force. Work done against gravity is calculated as W = mgh, where 'm' is mass, 'g' is acceleration due to gravity, and 'h' is the vertical height. Since both persons have the same mass and are displaced by the same vertical height (from ground to first floor), the work done is identical. The fact that Q runs means Q exerts more power (doing the work in less time), but the total energy expended against gravity remains the same. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The 0 to 50 cm part will weigh more than 25 gf. Since the meter scale balances at the 40 cm mark, its center of gravity (CG) is located there. This indicates that the mass is not uniformly distributed and the scale is heavier towards the 0 cm end. If cut at the 50 cm mark, the 0-50 cm section contains the CG of the entire ruler. To balance at 40 cm, the moment of the heavier 0-50 cm part must equal the moment of the lighter 50-100 cm part. Therefore, the 0-50 cm part must constitute more than half of the total 50 gf weight. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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An MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a better safety device than a fuse for several reasons: 1. It operates much faster to break the circuit in the event of a short circuit or overload. 2. It is highly convenient; after tripping, it can simply be switched back on to restore power, whereas a blown fuse wire must be physically replaced. 3. It is generally more sensitive to overcurrents than a standard fuse. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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[A neat labelled diagram of an A.C. generator should be drawn. It must include a rectangular armature coil placed between the North and South poles of a strong permanent magnet. The two ends of the coil should be connected to two separate slip rings (R1 and R2). Two stationary carbon brushes (B1 and B2) should be shown pressing against the slip rings, connecting the rotating coil to an external circuit containing a load or galvanometer.] ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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To freeze water at 0 °C into ice, it must release its latent heat of fusion. Heat transfer only occurs when there is a temperature difference between two bodies. Since both the water and the added ice are at the same temperature (0 °C), no heat can flow from the water to the ice. Consequently, the water cannot lose the required latent heat and will not freeze. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The assertion is true; nuclear fusion produces significantly more energy per unit mass of reactants than nuclear fission. The reason is also true; achieving controlled fusion is technically much more difficult due to the extreme temperatures and pressures required. However, the technical difficulty is not the scientific explanation for why fusion produces more energy (which is due to a larger mass defect). Therefore, both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation. Option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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If electrons are moving towards the west, the conventional current is flowing towards the east. Applying the Right Hand Thumb Rule, if you point your thumb east along the wire, your fingers will curl such that above the wire, the magnetic field points towards the north. Therefore, the north pole of the compass needle placed above the wire will point north. Option (c) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The direction of induced current in a conductor moving in a magnetic field is determined by Fleming's Right Hand Rule. Option (d) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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A double pole switch is designed to simultaneously disconnect both the Live wire and the Neutral wire from the main supply, ensuring complete isolation of the circuit for safety. Option (d) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The assertion is false because a machine with a high mechanical advantage might also have a very high velocity ratio (due to many moving parts, friction, or weight), which can result in a low efficiency (Efficiency = MA / VR). The reason is true, as efficiency mathematically depends on both mechanical advantage and velocity ratio. Therefore, option (d) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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In forced vibrations, the body is compelled to vibrate with the frequency of the applied external periodic force, regardless of its own natural frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the vibrating body will be 450 Hz. Option (c) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The circuit consists of a 3 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination of a 2 Ω and an 8 Ω resistor. The equivalent resistance of the parallel part is Rp = (2 * 8) / (2 + 8) = 16 / 10 = 1.6 Ω. The total external resistance is R_ext = 3 + 1.6 = 4.6 Ω. The total resistance of the circuit including internal resistance is R_total = 4.6 + 0.4 = 5.0 Ω. The total current I drawn from the 5V battery is I = V / R_total = 5 / 5.0 = 1 A. Option (a) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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When light suffers dispersion through a prism, the angle of deviation is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light. Among the given colors (red, indigo, orange, blue), indigo has the shortest wavelength and will therefore be deviated the most. Option (a) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The value â i - â r represents the angle of deviation. The deviation is maximum for the color with the highest refractive index, which corresponds to the shortest wavelength. Among red, blue, green, and yellow, blue has the shortest wavelength and will therefore bend the most towards the normal, resulting in the greatest value for â i - â r. Option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Ray A will suffer total internal reflection. It enters the prism normally through the hypotenuse and strikes the vertical face. The angle of the prism at the top is 60° (since the other angles are 90° and 30°). Geometry shows the angle of incidence on the vertical face is 60°. Since 60° is greater than the critical angle of 42°, Ray A undergoes total internal reflection. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Since the image is formed on a screen, it is a real image. Only a convex lens can form a real image. (b) Focal length f = +20 cm = +0.2 m. Power P = 1/f = 1/0.2 = +5 D. (c) For a real image, magnification m = -4. Since m = v/u, we have v = -4u. Using the lens formula 1/v - 1/u = 1/f: 1/(-4u) - 1/u = 1/20 => -5/(4u) = 1/20 => 4u = -100 => u = -25 cm. The object is placed 25 cm in front of the lens. The image position v = -4(-25) = +100 cm. The image is formed 100 cm behind the lens. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) At the angle of minimum deviation, the angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of emergence (e). The formula is δmin = 2i - A. Given δmin = 40° and A = 60°, we have 40° = 2i - 60° => 2i = 100° => i = 50°. Therefore, both the angle of incidence and the angle of emergence are 50°. (b) As the angle of incidence increases, the angle of deviation first decreases, reaches a minimum value, and then increases. An increase in the refractive index of the prism material causes the angle of deviation to increase. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Work done by the pump = mgh = 500 kg * 10 m/s^2 * 80 m = 400,000 J = 400 kJ. (b) Power supplied by the pump (useful output power) = Work done / time = 400,000 J / 10 s = 40,000 W = 40 kW. (c) Power rating of the pump (input power) = Output power / Efficiency = 40,000 W / 0.40 = 100,000 W = 100 kW. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) For a block and tackle system with 9 pulleys to have maximum mechanical advantage, the lower block should be as light as possible. Therefore, the upper fixed block will have 5 pulleys and the lower movable block will have 4 pulleys. (b) The Velocity Ratio (VR) is equal to the total number of pulleys, so VR = 9. The energy wasted is 10%, so the efficiency η = 90% = 0.9. The Mechanical Advantage (MA) = η * VR = 0.9 * 9 = 8.1. (c) Load (L) = 810 kgf. Effort (E) = L / MA = 810 / 8.1 = 100 kgf. The effort needed is 100 kgf. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Let the ball of mass m be thrown upwards with initial velocity u. Let the maximum height reached at C be h. At position A (ground): Height = 0, Velocity = u. Potential Energy (PE_A) = 0 Kinetic Energy (KE_A) = 1/2 * m * u^2 Total Energy (E_A) = PE_A + KE_A = 1/2 * m * u^2 At position C (maximum height): Velocity = 0. From v^2 = u^2 - 2gh, 0 = u^2 - 2gh => h = u^2 / 2g. PE_C = mgh = mg(u^2 / 2g) = 1/2 * m * u^2 KE_C = 0 Total Energy (E_C) = PE_C + KE_C = 1/2 * m * u^2 At position B (height x): Let velocity be v. From kinematics, v^2 = u^2 - 2gx. PE_B = mgx KE_B = 1/2 * m * v^2 = 1/2 * m * (u^2 - 2gx) = 1/2 * m * u^2 - mgx Total Energy (E_B) = PE_B + KE_B = mgx + 1/2 * m * u^2 - mgx = 1/2 * m * u^2 Since E_A = E_B = E_C = 1/2 * m * u^2, the total mechanical energy remains constant, proving the law of conservation of energy. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Applying Fleming's Left Hand Rule (magnetic field outwards, force to the right), the particles must be positively charged moving upwards. Therefore, the radiation deviated towards the right is Alpha (α) particles. The radiation that goes undeviated is Gamma (γ) rays, as they carry no charge. (b) A thick-walled lead container is used because lead is a dense material that effectively absorbs radioactive emissions. The container absorbs radiations emitted in all other directions, allowing only a narrow, collimated beam to escape through the small opening. (c) The radiation deviated towards the right (Alpha particles) has the highest ionizing power among the three types of radioactive emissions. Its ionizing power is roughly 100 times greater than that of Beta particles and about 10,000 times greater than that of Gamma rays. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) During a short circuit, an excessive amount of current flows through the circuit. This causes the fuse wire to heat up rapidly, melt, and break the circuit. (b) No, current is no longer flowing through the kettle because the melting of the fuse has broken the electrical circuit. (c) No, it is not safe to touch the kettle. Because the fuse was incorrectly placed in the neutral wire, breaking it does not disconnect the appliance from the high-voltage live wire. The kettle remains at a high potential, and touching its metallic body could provide a path to the ground, resulting in a severe electric shock. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) A typical nuclear fusion reaction is the fusion of deuterium and tritium: ^2_1H + ^3_1H -> ^4_2He + ^1_0n + 17.6 MeV The energy released is approximately 17.6 MeV. (b) The cause of the energy released is the mass defect. The total mass of the product nuclei is slightly less than the total mass of the reacting nuclei. This 'lost' mass (Îm) is converted into a tremendous amount of energy according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle, E = Îmc^2. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) The Principle of Method of Mixtures states that when a hot body is mixed with a cold body in a perfectly insulated system, the total heat lost by the hot body is equal to the total heat gained by the cold body, until both reach a common equilibrium temperature. (b) Let the final temperature be T °C. Mass of ice, m_i = 40 g = 0.04 kg. Initial temp = -40 °C. Mass of water, m_w = 200 g = 0.2 kg. Initial temp = 50 °C. Heat gained by ice to reach 0 °C: Q1 = m_i * c_i * ÎT = 0.04 * 2100 * 40 = 3360 J. Heat gained by ice to melt at 0 °C: Q2 = m_i * L_f = 0.04 * 336000 = 13440 J. Heat gained by melted ice to reach T °C: Q3 = m_i * c_w * (T - 0) = 0.04 * 4200 * T = 168T J. Total heat gained = 3360 + 13440 + 168T = 16800 + 168T J. Heat lost by water: Q4 = m_w * c_w * (50 - T) = 0.2 * 4200 * (50 - T) = 840(50 - T) = 42000 - 840T J. By the principle of mixtures: Heat gained = Heat lost 16800 + 168T = 42000 - 840T 1008T = 25200 T = 25 °C. The final temperature of the water is 25 °C. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Based on the standard pin configuration of a three-pin socket (looking at the face): the top thick pin is Earth, the bottom right pin is Live, and the bottom left pin is Neutral. In the given diagram, A is the top pin (Earth), B is the bottom left pin (Neutral), and C is the bottom right pin (Live). According to standard color coding: Earth is Green, Neutral is Light Blue, and Live is Brown. Matching: A (Earth) - (b) Green B (Neutral) - (c) Light Blue C (Live) - (a) Brown ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Substance B has a high specific heat capacity. Since it experiences a smaller rise in temperature for the same amount of heat supplied, it requires more heat energy per unit mass to raise its temperature. (b) Substance A is more conducting. In typical physics contexts, materials that heat up rapidly (low specific heat capacity, like metals) are also good conductors of heat. (c) Substance A should be used to make a calorimeter. Calorimeters are constructed from materials with low specific heat capacity (like copper) so that they absorb a minimal amount of heat from the substances being mixed inside them. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which requires a continuously changing magnetic flux to induce an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary coil. A DC source provides a steady, constant current, which creates a constant magnetic field. Since there is no change in magnetic flux, no EMF is induced, and the transformer cannot function. (b) One energy loss in the core is Eddy current loss. To reduce this loss, the core is made of thin laminated sheets of soft iron instead of a solid block. These laminations are insulated from each other, which increases the electrical resistance of the core and significantly minimizes the magnitude of the induced eddy currents. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) The periodic vibration of the pendulum is caused by the restoring force, which is the component of the bob's weight acting tangentially to the circular arc of its motion (mg sin θ). (b) Yes, the frequency of vibration remains constant with time, as it depends only on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity. (c) No, the amplitude of vibration does not remain constant. It gradually decreases with time due to the damping effects of air resistance and friction at the point of suspension. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) According to Fleming's Left Hand Rule, the force on arm AB (current upwards, magnetic field right) is directed inwards (into the plane of the paper). The force on arm CD (current downwards, magnetic field right) is directed outwards (out of the plane of the paper). (b) These two equal and opposite parallel forces acting along different lines of action form a couple. This couple exerts a torque on the coil, causing it to rotate in a clockwise direction (when viewed from above). (c) The coil would ultimately come to rest in the vertical position, where the plane of the coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field, as the torque becomes zero in this position. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Yes, the notes will differ in quality (timbre). Even though the guitars are identical and the notes have the same loudness and pitch, different players will pluck the strings differently. This excites different sets of overtones (harmonics) with varying relative intensities. The resulting waveform of the sound, which determines its quality, will therefore be different. (b) Two ways to increase the pitch of a stringed musical instrument are: 1. By increasing the tension in the string. 2. By decreasing the vibrating length of the string. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (b) Its wavelength range is approximately 10 nm to 400 nm (or 100 Ã to 4000 Ã ). (c) The presence of ultraviolet radiation can be detected using a photographic plate, as it strongly affects photographic emulsions, or by observing the fluorescence it induces in certain materials like zinc sulfide. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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(a) When nucleus X emits an alpha particle, its mass number decreases by 4 and atomic number decreases by 2. The subsequent emission of two beta particles increases the atomic number by 2 (back to its original value) while the mass number remains unchanged. The gamma emission does not affect either number. Therefore, nucleus Y has the same atomic number as X but a mass number that is 4 less. This means X and Y are isotopes. (b) Beta particles are widely used in industry for thickness gauging of materials such as paper, plastic films, and aluminum foils. They are also used in medical applications, such as radiation therapy for treating certain superficial cancers. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The human eye lens is adapted to focus light entering from air, which has a refractive index of approximately 1. When submerged in water (refractive index ~1.33), the difference in refractive index between the surrounding medium and the eye lens decreases significantly. This reduces the converging power of the eye lens, causing its focal length to increase. As a result, the images of objects are formed behind the retina, leading to blurred vision. Wearing goggles introduces a layer of air in front of the eyes, restoring the normal refractive index difference and allowing the eye lens to focus light properly onto the retina. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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decreases ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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second ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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220 V ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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80 dB ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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greater than ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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1.6x10^-13 ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The blue ray grazes the surface, meaning its angle of incidence is exactly equal to the critical angle for blue light (i = C_blue). The refractive index of glass is inversely proportional to the wavelength of light, so it is highest for violet/indigo and lowest for red. Consequently, the critical angle is directly proportional to wavelength (C_red > C_yellow > C_green > C_blue > C_indigo). For total internal reflection to occur, the angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. Since i = C_blue, and C_blue > C_indigo, the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle for indigo light. Thus, indigo will suffer total internal reflection. Option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The fundamental physiological condition for hearing an echo distinctly is that the reflected sound must reach the listener's ear at least 0.1 seconds after the original sound is heard. This is due to the persistence of hearing in the human ear. The 17 m distance is a derived condition based on this time delay and the speed of sound in air. Therefore, option (d) is the most fundamental condition. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower than at sea level. Since the boiling point of a liquid decreases with a decrease in surrounding pressure, water will boil at a temperature lower than 100 °C. Among the given options, 80 °C is the most appropriate. Option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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For a real image formed by a convex lens, the image is inverted. The magnification m is given by the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object, so m = -5/2 = -2.5. Since the absolute value of magnification is greater than 1, the image is magnified. A convex lens forms a real, magnified image only when the object is placed between the principal focus (F) and twice the focal length (2F). Therefore, option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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The farm is a large livestock farm, which makes Biomass [Q] a highly viable source of energy due to the availability of animal waste. The area is sunny for the greatest part of the day, making Solar [S] energy another excellent source. While there is a steady wind speed of 10 km/h, this is generally below the optimal threshold (usually around 15 km/h) required for efficient wind energy generation, making it less reliable than biomass and solar. The pond on an elevation might not provide sufficient continuous water flow for significant hydro-electricity. Therefore, the most reliable sources are Biomass and Solar. Option (b) only Q and S is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St. Lukes Day School, Naihati, North 24 Parganas) | |
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Let the rod be 2 m long with end A at 0 m and end B at 2 m. The pivot is at 0.8 m from A. A 3 N weight is hung at 0.2 m from end B, which is at 1.8 m from A. The distance of this weight from the pivot is 1.8 m - 0.8 m = 1.0 m. This creates a clockwise torque of 3 N * 1.0 m = 3 Nm. For the rod to balance horizontally, its own weight must create an equal and opposite counter-clockwise torque. This means the center of gravity (CG) of the rod must lie to the left of the pivot (between 0 and 0.8 m from A). Since the midpoint of the rod is at 1.0 m, and the CG is closer to end A (< 0.8 m), the rod is not uniform and is heavier towards end A. Therefore, option (b) is correct. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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One way to increase the strength of an electromagnet is to increase the number of turns of wire in the coil (or increase the current flowing through it). The Clock Face Rule (or Right Hand Grip Rule) is used to figure out the polarities of the electromagnet. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The device used to transfer 12V to 220V ac is a Step-up Transformer. (ii) It works on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction (specifically, mutual induction). (iii) Another device that works on the same principle is an induction coil. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) U-235 should be stored in thick lead containers to absorb and block harmful radioactive emissions. (ii) Nuclear Fission took place at Chernobyl. (iii) Residents were exposed to Gamma radiation (as well as beta particles from isotopes like Iodine-131). (iv) Background radiations are low-level ionizing radiations present in the environment. In Chernobyl, this includes radiation from long-lived radioactive isotopes like Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 that remain in the soil and surroundings. (v) The isotope U-235 is radioactive because its nucleus is unstable due to a high ratio of neutrons to protons, causing it to spontaneously decay and emit radiation to reach a more stable state. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) A receives the standard mains voltage, which is typically 220V in India. (ii) B is the electricity meter, and it reads electrical energy consumption in units of kilowatt-hours (kWh). (iii) C is the main switch. It is connected to both the live and neutral wires so that when it is switched off, it completely isolates the entire household circuit from the main supply, ensuring safety. (iv) D represents a ring system or a parallel circuit system used for household wiring. (v) The fuse in D can be replaced with a Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The physical quantity 'a' represents the peak induced e.m.f. If the speed of the generator coil is doubled, the rate of change of magnetic flux doubles, so the peak induced e.m.f. 'a' will be doubled. (ii) The physical quantity 'b' represents the time period of one cycle. If the speed is doubled, the coil completes a rotation in half the time, so the time period 'b' will be halved. (iii) According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux. Doubling the rotational speed doubles this rate, doubling the peak e.m.f. It also doubles the frequency, which halves the time period. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Resistance in a high tension wire can be reduced by using wires with a larger cross-sectional area (thicker wires) and by using materials with low resistivity, such as copper or aluminum. The symbol for earthing is a vertical line connected to a series of horizontal lines that decrease in length downwards. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The specific resistance (resistivity) of a conductor depends on the material of the conductor and its temperature. (ii) An alloy whose specific resistance is practically unaffected by changes in temperature is Manganin (or Constantan). (iii) Charge Q = I * t = 5 A * 1 s = 5 C. Number of electrons n = Q / e = 5 / (1.6 x 10^-19) = 3.125 x 10^19 electrons. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The circuit consists of a branch ACB (resistors AC and CB in series) in parallel with resistor AB. Resistance of branch ACB = 60 + 60 = 120 Ω. Equivalent resistance R_eq = (120 * 60) / (120 + 60) = 7200 / 180 = 40 Ω. The total voltage is 4V. The current through branch ACB is I_ACB = V / R_ACB = 4 / 120 = 1/30 A. The potential difference across CB is V_CB = I_ACB * R_CB = (1/30) * 60 = 2 V. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across its ends, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. An example of an ohmic conductor is a copper wire. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Total maximum power P = V * I = 220 V * 5 A = 1100 W. The number of 60W bulbs that can be run is n = Total Power / Power of one bulb = 1100 / 60 ≈ 18.33. Therefore, the maximum number of bulbs is 18. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Heat lost by vessel and water = m_v * c_v * ΔT + m_w * c_w * ΔT = 100 * 0.4 * (30 - 5) + 150 * 4.2 * (30 - 5) = 40 * 25 + 630 * 25 = 1000 + 15750 = 16750 J. Heat gained by ice = m_i * L + m_i * c_w * ΔT' = m_i * 336 + m_i * 4.2 * (5 - 0) = 336m_i + 21m_i = 357m_i. Equating heat lost and gained: 357m_i = 16750 => m_i = 16750 / 357 ≈ 46.9 g. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) Ultraviolet (UV) light can pass through quartz but is absorbed by ordinary glass. In a standard electromagnetic spectrum bar graph ordered by wavelength (shortest to longest: Gamma, X-ray, UV, Visible, IR, Microwave, Radio), UV would be represented by bar C. (ii) Microwaves are represented by bar F. (iii) One property common to all electromagnetic waves is that they travel at the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s) in a vacuum. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The characteristic of sound expressed through the difference in the graphs is loudness, which is determined by the amplitude of the wave. (ii) Body B carries more energy because the energy of a wave is directly proportional to the square of its amplitude, and Body B has a larger amplitude. (iii) The phenomenon of resonance or forced vibrations can create graphs with varying amplitudes. (iv) A necessary condition for resonance is that the frequency of the applied periodic force must be exactly equal to the natural frequency of the vibrating body. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The real depth is 25 cm. The apparent depth = Real depth / μ = 25 / 1.25 = 20 cm. The ruler will get wet up to the 20 cm mark. (ii) If another liquid with μ > 1.25 is used, the apparent depth (Real depth / μ) will decrease. Therefore, the length up to which the ruler gets wet will decrease. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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To draw the image formation for an object near a concave lens: Draw a principal axis and a concave lens. Place an object (an arrow) on the principal axis. Draw a ray from the top of the object parallel to the principal axis; it will diverge after refraction, appearing to come from the principal focus (F1) on the same side. Draw a second ray from the top of the object passing straight through the optical center without deviation. The point where these two rays intersect (or appear to intersect) is the position of the virtual, erect, and diminished image. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) The horizontal part of the graph, labeled CD, shows the solidification of the substance, where the temperature remains constant as it changes from liquid to solid. (ii) The condensation of the substance takes place at the temperature corresponding to the horizontal part AB, which is 160°C. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) Blue light has the highest refractive index among the three colors, so it bends the most and has the least apparent depth. Therefore, image A is formed by blue light. (ii) Yellow light has a lower refractive index than green light, so it bends less. The apparent depth will be greater, meaning the image will be formed slightly lower (deeper) than the image formed by green light. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) Work done by the force = F * d = 15 N * 5 m = 75 J. (ii) Force due to gravity on the body = m * g = 2 kg * 10 m/s² = 20 N. (iii) Work done against gravity = m * g * h = 20 N * (5 * sin 30°) m = 20 * 2.5 = 50 J. Work done against friction = Total work done - Work done against gravity = 75 J - 50 J = 25 J. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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A pulley system with a Velocity Ratio (VR) of 4 is a block and tackle system consisting of 4 pulleys (typically 2 in the fixed block and 2 in the movable block). In an ideal situation where there is no friction or weight of the movable parts, the Mechanical Advantage (MA) is equal to the Velocity Ratio. Therefore, MA = 4. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) Rowing a boat with short handle oars: Class II lever (the fulcrum is the water, the load is the boat at the rowlock, and the effort is applied at the handle). (ii) Claw hammer: Class I lever (the fulcrum is the point resting on the wood, the load is the nail, and the effort is applied at the handle). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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1 Horsepower (HP) is equal to 746 Watts. Therefore, 1.6 HP = 1.6 * 746 W = 1193.6 Watts. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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(i) Rectangular lamina: The point of intersection of its diagonals. (ii) Cylinder: The midpoint of its central axis. (iii) A kite: The point of intersection of its diagonals. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The anticlockwise moment from the 100gf weight at A (45cm distance) is greater than the clockwise moment from the 100gf weight at B (35cm distance). To achieve equilibrium, the weight of the rod itself must provide a net clockwise moment, meaning its center of gravity is located in part BC. Thus, BC is heavier. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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For the rod to balance at 45 cm with equal 100 gf weights at both ends (0 cm and 80 cm), the center of gravity of the rod itself must lie to the right of the fulcrum to provide the necessary clockwise moment to counteract the larger anticlockwise moment from the weight at A. Therefore, the right half (part BC) must be heavier than the left half (part AC). Weight of part BC > Weight of part AC. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The moment of a couple is calculated as Force × perpendicular distance between the forces. Moment = 40 N × 0.4 m = 16 Nm. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Two equal and opposite parallel forces not acting along the same line form a couple. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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No, increasing the area of the armature increases the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (emf), but it does not increase the speed of rotation. The speed of rotation is determined by the external mechanical energy supplied to the dynamo. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The current rating of a fuse is important because it specifies the maximum safe current the fuse can carry without melting. If the current exceeds this rating, the fuse melts and breaks the circuit, protecting electrical appliances from damage due to excessive current. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Terminal voltage is the potential difference across the terminals of a cell or battery when it is in a closed circuit and current is being drawn from it. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Two conditions for the formation of an echo are: 1. The minimum distance between the source of sound and the reflecting surface must be approximately 17 meters. 2. The size of the reflecting surface must be large compared to the wavelength of the sound. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The optical center is a specific point on the principal axis of a lens through which a ray of light passes without suffering any deviation. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Two factors that affect the critical angle of a medium are: 1. The color (or wavelength) of the light. 2. The temperature of the medium. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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For a single movable pulley, Load = 2T and Effort = T (where T is the tension in the string). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Two devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy are an electric motor and an electric fan. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Assertion (A) is true; visibility is poor in fog. Reason (R) is also true; fog consists of tiny water droplets that scatter light, which is the cause of reduced visibility. Therefore, both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. The correct option is (iii). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light. In a dispersive medium like glass, light with a longer wavelength travels faster (slows down less compared to vacuum) and bends (refracts) less. Therefore, compared to blue, red light slows down less and refracts less. The correct option is (iv). ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The shift in image is given by Shift = Real Depth * (1 - 1/μ). As the refractive index (μ) increases, the term 1/μ decreases, making (1 - 1/μ) larger. Therefore, the shift increases. The correct option is (i) More. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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For a pair of scissors (Class I lever), Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Effort arm / Load arm. The handle is the effort arm (7.5 cm) and the blades are the load arm (15 cm). MA = 7.5 / 15 = 0.5. The correct option is (ii) 0.5. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Heat lost by water = m_w * c_w * ΔT = 200 * 1 * (25 - 10) = 3000 cal. Heat gained by ice = m_i * c_i * ΔT_i + m_i * L + m_i * c_w * ΔT_w = m_i * 0.5 * 14 + m_i * 80 + m_i * 1 * 10 = 7m_i + 80m_i + 10m_i = 97m_i. Equating heat lost and gained: 97m_i = 3000 => m_i ≈ 30.92 g. The closest option is (iv) 31 g. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Electromagnetic induction requires a change in magnetic flux linked with the coil. In case (ii), where a loop of wire is held stationary near a stationary magnet, there is no relative motion and hence no change in magnetic flux. Therefore, no emf is induced. The correct option is (ii) loop of wire is held near a magnet. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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A calorimeter is typically made of copper because it has a low specific heat capacity (so it absorbs very little heat from the contents) and is a good conductor of heat (ensuring uniform temperature). It is also highly malleable. Therefore, (iv) all the above is the most comprehensive answer. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The picture shows straight wave fronts passing through a narrow opening and spreading out into circular wave fronts. This phenomenon of bending of waves around obstacles or openings is called diffraction. The correct option is (ii) Diffraction. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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To read small letters, a magnifying glass is used, which is a convex lens. A lens with a shorter focal length has higher power and provides greater magnification. Therefore, a convex lens of focal length 5 cm is preferred. The correct option is (iv) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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From the graph, Wave A completes 1 cycle in distance T, so its wavelength is T. Wave B completes 2 cycles in distance T, so its wavelength is T/2. Pitch is proportional to frequency, and frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength. Therefore, Frequency A / Frequency B = Wavelength B / Wavelength A = (T/2) / T = 1/2. The ratio is 1:2. The correct option is (iv) 1:2. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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In a parallel electrical connection, the potential difference across each branch remains the same. The correct option is (iii) Potential difference. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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1 Electron volt (eV) is equal to 1.6 x 10^-19 Joules. Therefore, 10 eV = 10 * 1.6 x 10^-19 J = 1.6 x 10^-18 J. The correct option is (i) 1.6 x 10^-18 J. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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Positive work is done when the force and the displacement are in the same direction. In scenario (ii), the car accelerates forward as the engine applies force in the forward direction. Therefore, (ii) A car accelerates forward as the engine applies force. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The focal length of a lens in a medium is given by the lens maker's formula. As the refractive index of the surrounding medium increases, the focal length increases. Since the refractive index of glycerine is greater than that of water, the focal length in glycerine will be greater than in water. Therefore, (i) Glycerine > water. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Physics (St.Josephs School, Kancharapara, Kolkata) | |
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The center of gravity of a hollow cylinder is at its geometric center. When it is completely filled with oil, the center of gravity remains at the geometric center. If it is partially filled, it shifts down. Assuming it means completely filled, the answer is (iv) remain the same. However, a common trick question implies partial filling, where it shifts down. Given the options, (ii) Shift down is a likely intended answer for a partially filled state. ai_model |
| ICSE Class X Prelims 2026 : Biology (Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, Mumbai) | |
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