
	Trending ▼ ICSE CBSE 10th ISC CBSE 12th CTET GATE UGC NET Vestibulares ResFinder

PG UGC NET 2018 : sociology

12 pages, 13 questions, 0 questions with responses, 0 total responses,

	Shivani Attri Rayt Bahra	+Fave Message
	Profile Timeline Uploads

Home > 9646626395 >

Formatting page ...

HIGHER EDUCATION India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China.[1] The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission, which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state.[2] Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission.[3] Indian higher education system has expanded at a fast pace by adding nearly 20,000 colleges and more than 8 million students in a decade from 2000-01 to 2010-11.[4] As of 2011, India has 42 central universities, 275 state universities, 130 deemed universities, 90 private universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the State Act, and 93 Institutes of National Importance which includes AIIM, IIT's , NIT's among others. Other institutions include 33,000 colleges as Government Degree Colleges and Private Degree Colleges, including 1800 exclusive women's colleges, functioning under these universities and institutions as reported by the UGC in 2012. The emphasis in the tertiary level of education lies on science and technology.[10] Indian educational institutions by 2004 consisted of a large number of technology institutes.[11] Distance learning and open education is also a feature of the Indian higher education system, and is looked after by the Distance Education Council.[11] Indira Gandhi National Open University is the largest university in the world by number of students, having approximately 3.5 million students across the globe.[12][13][14] Some institutions of India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institute of Technology (NITs), Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-H), University of Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru University have been globally acclaimed for their standard of education.[11][15][16][17] The IITs enroll about 8000 students annually and the alumni have contributed to both the growth of the private sector and the public sectors of India.[17][18] However, India still lacks internationally behind prestigious universities such as Harvard, Cambridge, and Oxford.[19] FORMAL EDUCATION Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after secondary education. Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Tertiary education at non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.In the days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education, the term "higher education" was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion.[6]Rupert I founded the University of Heidelberg in 1386.Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work (e.g. in medical schools and dental schools), and social services activities of universities.[7] Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level). The latter level of education is often referred to as graduate school, especially in North America. Since World War II, developed and many developing countries have increased the participation of the age group who mostly studies higher education from the elite rate, of up to 15 per cent, to the mass rate of 16 to 50 per cent.[8][9][10] In many developed countries, participation in higher education has continued to increase towards universal or, what Trow later called, open access, where over half of the relevant age group participate in higher education.[11] Higher education is important to national economies, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers.[12][13] However, the admission of so many students of only average ability to higher education inevitably requires a decline in academic standards, facilitated by grade inflation.[14][15] Also, the supply of graduates in many fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, which aggravates graduate unemployment and underemployment, as well as credentials and educational inflation.[16][17] Types General The general higher education and training that takes place in a university, college, or Institute of Technology usually includes significant theoretical and abstract elements, as well as applied aspects (although limited offerings of internships or SURF programs attempt to provide practical applications). In contrast, the vocational higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on practical applications, with very little theory. In addition, professional-level education is always included within Higher Education, and usually in graduate schools, since many postgraduate academic disciplines are both vocationally, professionally, and theoretically/research oriented, such as in the law, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. A basic requirement for entry into these graduate-level programs is almost always a bachelor's degree, although alternative means of obtaining entry into such programmers may be available at some universities. Requirements for admission to such high-level graduate programs are extremely competitive, and admitted students are expected to perform well. In the United States, there are large differences in wages and employment associated with different degrees. Medical doctors and lawyers are generally the highest paid workers, and have among the lowest unemployment rates. Among undergraduate fields of study, science, technology, engineering, math, and business generally offer the highest wages and best chances of employment, while education, communication, and liberal arts degrees generally offer lower wages and a lower likelihood of employment.[12][20] Liberal arts Main article: Liberal Arts College Academic areas that are included within the Liberal arts include Environmental Science, Great Books, History, Languages including English, Linguistics, Literature, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Religious studies, Science, Sociology and Theater. Engineering Main article: engineering College Teaching engineering is teaching the application of scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to design, build, maintain, and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. It may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of technology and types of application. Engineering disciplines include: aerospace, biological, civil, chemical, computer, electrical, industrial, and mechanical. Performing arts Main article: Performing arts education The performing arts differ from the plastic arts or visual arts, insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium; the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint, which can be molded or transformed to create a work of art. Performing arts institutions include Circus schools, Dance schools, Drama schools and Music schools Plastic or visual arts Main articles: Art education and Art school The plastic arts or visual arts are a class of art forms, that involve the use of materials, that can be molded or modulated in some way, often in three dimensions. Examples are painting, sculpture, and drawing, etc. Higher educational institutions in these arts include Film schools and Art schools. Vocational Main articles: Vocational University, Vocational school, and Technical school Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of both practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of post-secondary education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education, which are more colloquially known as trade schools. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a usually broader scientific field, which might concentrate on theory and abstract conceptual knowledge. Professional higher education This describes a distinct form of Higher Education that offers a particularly intense integration with the world of work in all its aspects (including teaching, learning, research and governance) and at all levels of the overarching Qualifications Framework of the European Higher Education Area. Its function is to diversify learning opportunities, enhance employability, offer qualifications and stimulate innovation, for the benefit of learners and society. The intensity of integration with the world of work (which includes enterprise, civil society and the public sector) is manifested by a strong focus on application of learning. This approach involves combining phases of work and study, a concern for employability, cooperation with employers, the use of practice-relevant knowledge and use-inspired research.[21] Examples of providers of Professional Higher Education may include, Graduate Colleges of Architecture, Business, Journalism, Law, Library Science, Optometry, Pharmacy, Public Policy, Human Medicine, Professional Engineering, Podiatric Medicine, Scientific Dentistry, K-12 Education, and Veterinary Medicine. Statistics A report titled 'Education at a Glance 2014' published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development on 9 September 2014, revealed that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries. Tertiary-educated individuals were earning twice as much as median workers. In contrast to historical trends in education, young women were more likely to complete upper secondary education than young men. Additionally, access to education was expanding and growth in the number of people receiving university education was rising sharply. By 2014, close to 40 percent of people aged 25 34 (and around 25 percent of those aged 55 64), were being educated at university.[22] Affiliating Universities Affiliating universities generally have a central campus on which are located departments or schools or institutes that impart postgraduate centres located outside the campus in different districts. Affiliating universities may also have university colleges (within the campus) as well as constituent colleges (outside the campus). These universities have variable number of colleges affiliated to them. They are located in districts within the jurisdiction of the university as specified in the Acts. There are more than 9200 colleges affiliated to universities. Most of the Indian universities are of the affiliating type with the larger ones like Calcutta, Mumbai, Bangalore, Osmania, each having more than 250 affiliated colleges under its wings with enrolment of students exceeding one lakh. The University Grants Commission has now established the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in accordance with Section 12CCC o the UGC Act, 1956, to assess the quality of education imparted by universities and colleges and grade them according This article lists agricultural universities in India, by state or territory. Although a number of Indian universities offer agricultural education, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research - the main regulator of agricultural education recognizes 65 universities as Agricultural Universities (AUs). [1] Andhra Pradesh Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Bapatla Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, Tadepalli Gudem Mandal, West Godavari District Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati Assam Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat Bihar Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Samastipur Chhattisgarh Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur Gujarat Anand Agricultural University, Anand Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha Haryana Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Himachal Pradesh Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan Jammu and Kashmir Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar Jharkhand Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke Sai Nath University, Ormanjhi Jharkhand Rai University, Ratu Road Karnataka Kerala Agricultural University library University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bangalore University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga Kerala Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad Madhya Pradesh Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior[2] Maharashtra Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri National Backward Krishi Vidyapeeth, Solapur Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani [Greenfield Institute of Agriculture][Aurangabad] Manipur Central Agricultural University, Iroisemba Nagaland Nagaland University New Delhi Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Odisha Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology Deemed universityDeemed university, or Deemed-to-be-University, is an accreditation awarded to higher educational institutions in India, conferring the status of a university. It is granted by the Department of Higher Education.[1][2] To quote the MHRD, "An Institution of Higher Education, other than universities, working at a very high standard in specific area of study, can be declared by the Central Government on the advice of the UGC, as an Institution Deemed-to-beuniversity . Institutions that are deemed-to-be-university enjoy academic status and privileges of a university."[3] Deemed university The higher education system in India includes both private and public universities. Public universities are supported by the Government of India and the state governments, while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.[4] In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.[5] The status of a deemed university allows full autonomy in courses, syllabus, admissions and fees.[6] The UGC list dated 23 June 2008 lists 130 deemed universities.[7] Note that although the list is dated 23 June 2008, the latest addition to the list, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, was made on 24 June 2009. According to this list, the first institute to be granted deemed university status was Indian Institute of Science which was granted this status on 12 May 1958. There are deemed universities in 18 of the 29 states of India and three of the union territories. The state with the most universities is Tamil Nadu with 28 deemed universities.[7] As on 31 December 2015 there are 125 Deemed to be Universities in India. deemed universities This is a list of deemed universities in India established under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956.[1] Deemed universities of India S.No. University NAAC Accreditation[2] State Location Established Specialization Sources 1 Gandhi Institute of Technology and Yes ('A' Grade) Andhra Pradesh Management Visakhapatnam 1980 (2007) 2 K L University Yes ('A' Grade) Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada 1980 (2009) Technology [5] 3 Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha Yes ('A' Grade) Andhra Pradesh Tirupati 1961 (1987) Sanskrit [6][7] 4 Sri Sathya Sai University Yes ('A' Grade) Andhra Pradesh Puttaparthi 1981 (1981) General [8][9] 5 North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology No Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar 1986 (2005) Technology [10][11] 6 Nava Nalanda Mahavihara# No Bihar Nalanda 1951 (2006) 7 PEC University of Technology No Chandigarh Chandigarh 1921 (2003) Technology [14][15] 8 Indian Agricultural No Research Institute Delhi New Delhi 1902 (1958) Agriculture [16][17] 9 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade Yes ('A' Grade) Delhi New Delhi 1963 (2002) Foreign Trade [18][19] 10 Indian Law Institute No Delhi New Delhi 1956 (2004) Legal [20][21] 11 Institute of Liver No and Biliary Sciences Delhi New Delhi 2009 [22] 12 Jamia Hamdard Yes ('A' Grade) Delhi New Delhi 1906 (1989) General Technology, management Buddhism, Pali Hepatology [3][4] [12][13] [23][24] Deemed universities of India S.No. University NAAC Accreditation[2] 13 National Museum Institute of the History of Art, No Conservation and Museology# 14 National University of Educational No Planning and Administration 15 State Location Established Specialization Sources New Delhi 1983 (1989) Arts [25][26] Delhi New Delhi Education 1962 (2006) administratio n [27][28] Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan Yes ('A' Grade) Delhi New Delhi 1970 (2002) Sanskrit [29][30] 16 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha Yes ('A' Grade) Delhi New Delhi 1962 (1987) Sanskrit [31][32] 17 TERI University Yes ('A' Grade) Delhi New Delhi 1998 (1999) Applied sciences [33][34] 18 Gujarat Vidyapith No Ahmedabad 1920 (1963) General [35][36] 19 Sumandeep University# Yes ('A' Grade) Gujarat Waghodia 1999 (2007) Healthcare [37][38] 20 Lingaya's University Yes ('B' Grade) Haryana Blacklisted# Faridabad 1998 (2005) 21 Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana# Yes ('A' Grade) Haryana Ambala 1993 (2007) General [41][42] 22 Manav Rachna International University# Yes ('A' Grade) Haryana Faridabad 1997 (2008) Technology [43][44] 23 National Brain Research Centre No Haryana Manesar 1997 (2002) Neuroscience [45][46] 24 National Dairy No Research Institute Haryana Karnal 1923 (1989) Dairy [47][48] Delhi Gujarat Technology, management [39][40] Deemed universities of India S.No. University NAAC Accreditation[2] State Location Established Specialization Sources 25 Birla Institute of No Technology, Mesra Jharkhand Ranchi 1955 (1986) Technology [49][50] 26 B.L.D.E. University# Yes ('B' Grade) Karnataka Bijapur 2008 Medical [51][52] 27 Christ University# Yes ('B' Grade) Karnataka Bangalore 1969 (2008) General [53][54] 28 Indian Institute of Science No Karnataka Bangalore 1909 (1958) Science, technology [55][56] 29 International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore Yes ('A' Grade) Karnataka Bangalore 1999 (2005) Information technology [57][58] 30 Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwar Yes ('A' Grade) Karnataka a University Mysore 2008 Medical [59][60] 31 Jain University# Bangalore 1990 (2008) General 32 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for No Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 1989 (2002) General science [62][63] 33 KLE Academy of Yes ('A' Grade) Higher Education & Karnataka Second Cycle Research Belgaum 2006 General [64][65] 34 Manipal University No Karnataka Manipal 1953 (1993) General [66][67] 35 Nitte University Karnataka Mangalore 2008 [68][69] 36 Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Yes ('B' Grade) Karnataka Education and Research# Kolar 1986 (2007) Medical 37 Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Yes ('A' Grade) Karnataka Education# Tumkur 2008 Healthcare, technology [72][73] 38 Swami Bangalore 2002 Yoga [74][75] Yes ('B' Grade) Karnataka No Karnataka Yes ('B' Grade) Karnataka Healthcare [61] [70][71] Deemed universities of India S.No. University NAAC Accreditation[2] State Location Established Specialization Sources Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana 39 Yenepoya University# 40 Indian Institute of Space Science and Yes ('B' Grade) Kerala Technology Thiruvananthapura 2007 (2008) Space science m 41 Kerala Kalamandalam Thrissur 1930 (2006) Performing arts [80][81] 42 Lakshmibai National University No of Physical Education Madhya PradSSSSSSSSSSSes Gwalior h 1957 (1995) Physical education [82][83] 43 Bharati Vidyapeeth Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Pune 1964 (1996) General 44 Central Institute of No Fisheries Education Maharashtra Mumbai 1961 (1989) 45 D. Y. Patil Education Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Society# Kolhapur 1987 (2005) Medicine 46 Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Sciences Wardha 1950 (2005) Medical science [90][91] 47 Deccan College Post-Graduate and Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Research Institute Pune 1821 (1990) Archeology, linguistics [92][93] 48 Defence Institute of Advanced Technology Yes ('B' Grade) Maharashtra Pune 1952 (2000) Arms technology [94][95] 49 Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Pune 1996 (2003) Medical science [96][97] No Pune 1930 (1993) Economics 50 Gokhale Institute of Politics and Yes ('A' Grade) Karnataka No Kerala Maharashtra Mangalore 1991 (2008) Healthcare Fisheries science [76][77] [78][79] [84][85] [86][87] [88][89] [98][99] Deemed universities of India S.No. University NAAC Accreditation[2] State Location Established Specialization Sources Economics 51 Homi Bhabha National Institute Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Mumbai 2005 Science, Technology 52 Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Yes ('A' Grade) Maharashtra Mumbai 1987 (1995) Economics 53 Institute of Chemical Technology No Maharashtra Mumbai 1933 (2008) Chemical engineering [104][105] 54 International Institute for Population Sciences No Maharashtra Mumbai 1956 (1985) Population studies [106][107] [100][101] [102][103] In many cases, the same listing by the UGC covers several institutes. For example, the listing for Homi Bhabha National Institute covers the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and other institutes.[100] The list above includes only the major institute granted the status, and such additional institutes are not listed separately. The date of establishment listed is the date reported by the institute. The date in parenthesis is the date in which the institute was granted deemed university status. HIHT University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, P.O. Doiwala, Dehradun, Uttrakhand. (Deemed to be university) was removed from the list of Universities on 21.07.2015 in view of the notification issued by the Government of India, MHRD vide No. F. 9-43/2006-U.3.A dated 27.05.2015.

Formatting page ...

Related ResPapers
PG UGC NET 2018 : sociology
by 9646626395

Formatting page ...

9646626395 chat

Horizontal lines at:
Guest Horizontal lines at:
AutoRM Data:
Box geometries: