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New York Regents Chemistry January 2009

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PS/CHEMISTRY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY Thursday, January 29, 2009 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only This is a test of your knowledge of chemistry. Use that knowledge to answer all questions in this examination. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination according to the directions provided in the examination booklet. Your answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1 is the last page of this examination booklet. Turn to the last page and fold it along the perforations. Then, slowly and carefully, tear off your answer sheet and fill in the heading. The answers to the questions in Part B 2 and Part C are to be written in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet. Record the number of your choice for each Part A and Part B 1 multiple-choice question on your separate answer sheet. Write your answers to the Part B 2 and Part C questions in your answer booklet. All work should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record all your answers on your separate answer sheet and in your answer booklet. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed at the end of your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. Notice. . . A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry must be available for you to use while taking this examination. The use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. PS/CHEMISTRY Part A Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1 30): For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 1 On the modern Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in order of increasing (1) atomic mass (3) mass number (2) atomic number (4) oxidation number 6 What can be determined if only the atomic number of an atom is known? (1) the total number of neutrons in the atom, only (2) the total number of protons in the atom, only (3) the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in the atom (4) the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in the atom 2 Which particle has a mass that is approximately the same as the mass of a proton? (1) an alpha particle (3) a neutron (2) a beta particle (4) a positron 3 An atom of an element forms a 2+ ion. In which group on the Periodic Table could this element be located? (1) 1 (3) 13 (2) 2 (4) 17 7 The most common isotope of chromium has a mass number of 52. Which notation represents a different isotope of chromium? (1) 24Cr 52 54Cr 24 (4) 24Cr 54 8 Which Group 14 element is a metalloid? (1) tin (3) lead (2) silicon (4) carbon 9 Samples of four Group 15 elements, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, and phosphorus, are in the gaseous phase. An atom in the ground state of which element requires the least amount of energy to remove its most loosely held electron? (1) As (3) P (2) Bi (4) Sb 5 According to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a (1) circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus (2) spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus (3) region of the most probable proton location (4) region of the most probable electron location P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 (3) (2) 4 Which statement describes the relative energy of the electrons in the shells of a calcium atom? (1) An electron in the first shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell. (2) An electron in the first shell has the same amount of energy as an electron in the second shell. (3) An electron in the third shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell. (4) An electron in the third shell has less energy than an electron in the second shell. 52Cr 24 10 Which substance can be broken down by chemical means? (1) CO (3) Ca (2) Ce (4) Cu 11 During all chemical reactions, mass, energy, and charge are (1) absorbed (3) formed (2) conserved (4) released [2] 19 The net energy released or absorbed during a reversible chemical reaction is equal to (1) the activation energy of the endothermic reaction (2) the activation energy of the exothermic reaction (3) the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants (4) the sum of the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants 12 Which formula represents a molecular compound? (1) Kr (3) N2O4 (2) LiOH (4) NaI 13 The bonds in BaO are best described as (1) covalent, because valence electrons are shared (2) covalent, because valence electrons are transferred (3) ionic, because valence electrons are shared (4) ionic, because valence electrons are transferred 20 A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction by (1) providing an alternate reaction pathway (2) decreasing the heat of reaction (3) increasing the mass of the reactants (4) changing the mole ratio of the reactants 14 In which sample of water do the molecules have the highest average kinetic energy? (1) 20. mL at 100. C (3) 60. mL at 60. C (2) 40. mL at 80. C (4) 80. mL at 40. C 15 Which compound is insoluble in water? (1) calcium bromide (3) silver bromide (2) potassium bromide (4) sodium bromide 21 Which element is present in every organic compound? (1) carbon (3) nitrogen (2) fluorine (4) oxygen 16 Which element is a brittle solid with low conductivity at STP? (1) sulfur (3) argon (2) sodium (4) aluminum 22 Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: 2Fe + 3Cu2+ 2Fe3+ + 3Cu 17 Which two samples of gas at STP contain the same total number of molecules? (1) 1 L of CO(g) and 0.5 L of N2(g) (2) 2 L of CO(g) and 0.5 L of NH3(g) (3) 1 L of H2(g) and 2 L of Cl2(g) (4) 2 L of H2(g) and 2 L of Cl2(g) When the iron atoms lose six moles of electrons, how many moles of electrons are gained by the copper ions? (1) 12 moles (2) 2 moles 18 A reaction is most likely to occur when reactant particles collide with (1) proper energy, only (2) proper orientation, only (3) both proper energy and proper orientation (4) neither proper energy nor proper orientation P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 (3) 3 moles (4) 6 moles 23 Which statement describes electrolysis? (1) Chemical energy is used to produce an electrical change. (2) Chemical energy is used to produce a thermal change. (3) Electrical energy is used to produce a chemical change. (4) Thermal energy is used to produce a chemical change. [3] [OVER] 28 The only positive ion found in H2SO4(aq) is the (1) ammonium ion (3) hydroxide ion (2) hydronium ion (4) sulfate ion 24 During which process does an atom gain one or more electrons? (1) transmutation (3) oxidation (2) reduction (4) neutralization 29 Which risk is associated with using nuclear fission to produce energy in a power plant? (1) depletion of hydrocarbons (2) depletion of atmospheric oxygen (3) exposure of workers to radiation (4) exposure of workers to sulfur dioxide 25 Which substance is an Arrhenius base? (3) LiOH (1) CH3OH (2) CH3Cl (4) LiCl 26 Which statement describes an alternate theory of acids and bases? (1) Acids and bases are both H+ acceptors. (2) Acids and bases are both H+ donors. (3) Acids are H+ acceptors, and bases are H+ donors. (4) Acids are H+ donors, and bases are H+ acceptors. 30 An unstable nucleus loses the most mass if the nucleus emits (1) an alpha particle (3) a positron (2) a beta particle (4) a gamma ray 27 Which two compounds are electrolytes? (1) C6H12O6 and CH3CH2OH (2) C6H12O6 and HCl (3) NaOH and HCl (4) NaOH and CH3CH2OH P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [4] Part B 1 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (31 50): For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 31 The diagram below represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum produced by a mixture of two of these elements. Bright-Line Spectra 400 500 600 700 750 700 750 Barium Helium Hydrogen Lithium Mixture 400 500 600 Wavelength (nm) Which two elements are in this mixture? (1) barium and hydrogen (2) barium and lithium 32 The table below gives information about the nucleus of each of four atoms. 33 What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of germanium in the ground state? (1) 8 (3) 14 (2) 2 (4) 4 Nuclei of Four Atoms Atom Number of Protons Number of Neutrons A 6 6 D 6 7 E 7 7 G 7 (3) helium and hydrogen (4) helium and lithium 8 34 In the formula X2O5, the symbol X could represent an element in Group (1) 1 (3) 15 (2) 2 (4) 18 How many different elements are represented by the nuclei in the table? (1) 1 (2) 2 P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 (3) 3 (4) 4 [5] [OVER] 35 A 50.0-gram block of copper at 10.0 C is carefully lowered into 100.0 grams of water at 90.0 C in an insulated container. Which statement describes the transfer of heat in this system? (1) The water loses heat to the block until both are at 10.0 C. (2) The block gains heat from the water until both are at 90.0 C. (3) The water loses heat and the block gains heat until both are at the same temperature that is between 10.0 C and 90.0 C. (4) The water gains heat and the block loses heat until both are at the same temperature that is between 10.0 C and 90.0 C. 41 Which particle diagram represents a mixture of an element and a compound? Key = an atom of an element = an atom of a different element (1) (3) (2) (4) 36 The compounds C2H4 and C4H8 have the same (1) freezing point at standard pressure (2) boiling point at standard pressure (3) molecular formula (4) empirical formula 37 The chemical bond between which two atoms is most polar? (1) C N (3) S Cl (2) H H (4) Si O 42 Starting as a solid, a sample of a substance is heated at a constant rate. The graph below shows the changes in temperature of this sample. 38 What is the total amount of heat absorbed by 100.0 grams of water when the temperature of the water is increased from 30.0 C to 45.0 C? (1) 418 J (3) 12 500 J (2) 6270 J (4) 18 800 J Temperature Versus Time for a Sample 200 Temperature ( C) 180 39 Which process is exothermic? (1) boiling of water (2) melting of copper (3) condensation of ethanol vapor (4) sublimation of iodine 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 40 Which sample, when dissolved in 1.0 liter of water, produces a solution with the lowest freezing point? (1) 0.1 mol of C2H5OH (2) 0.1 mol of LiBr (3) 0.2 mol of C6H12O6 (4) 0.2 mol of CaCl2 P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Time (min) What is the melting point of the sample and the total time required to completely melt the sample after it has reached its melting point? (1) 50 C and 3 min (2) 50 C and 5 min [6] (3) 110 C and 4 min (4) 110 C and 14 min 43 Which compound is an alkyne? (3) C4H8 (1) C2H2 (2) C2H4 (4) C4H10 48 Which nuclide has a half-life that is less than one minute? (1) cesium-137 (3) phosphorus-32 (2) francium-220 (4) strontium-90 44 What is the oxidation number of sulfur in Na2S2O3? (1) 1 (3) +6 (2) +2 (4) +4 49 The table below indicates the stability of six nuclides. Stability of Six Nuclides Nuclide 45 Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? H H H C C H H H C C C H (1) H H H H C C C H H H (2) H H H C C H H stable unstable O H C unstable O-16 (3) stable N-16 H unstable N-14 Cl stable C-14 H H H H C-12 O-19 H C Stability All atoms of the unstable nuclides listed in this table have H (1) (2) (3) (4) (4) 46 Which balanced equation represents a redox reaction? (1) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 (2) KOH + HCl KCl + H2O (3) LiBr Li+ + Br (4) Ca2+ + SO42 CaSO4 an odd number of neutrons an odd number of protons more neutrons than protons more protons than neutrons 50 Cobalt-60 and iodine-131 are radioactive isotopes that are used in (1) dating geologic formations (2) industrial measurements (3) medical procedures (4) nuclear power 47 A 25.0-milliliter sample of HNO3(aq) is neutralized by 32.1 milliliters of 0.150 M KOH(aq). What is the molarity of the HNO3(aq)? (1) 0.117 M (3) 0.193 M (2) 0.150 M (4) 0.300 M P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [7] [OVER] Part B 2 Answer all questions in this part. Directions (51 66): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. 51 In the box in your answer booklet, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of boron. [1] 52 Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the noble gas neon is an unreactive element. [1] 53 Given the equation representing a reaction at equilibrium: N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Explain, in terms of collision theory, why the rate of the forward reaction decreases when the concentration of N2(g) is decreased. [1] Base your answers to questions 54 and 55 on the information below. A 4.86-gram sample of calcium reacted completely with oxygen to form 6.80 grams of calcium oxide. This reaction is represented by the balanced equation below. 2Ca(s) + O2(g) 2CaO(s) 54 Determine the total mass of oxygen that reacted. [1] 55 Explain, in terms of electrons, why the radius of a calcium ion is smaller than the radius of a calcium atom. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [8] Base your answers to questions 56 through 58 on the information below. The compounds NH4Br(s) and NH3(g) are soluble in water. Solubility data for NH4Br(s) in water are listed in the table below. Solubility of NH4Br in H2O Mass of NH4Br Temperature per 100. g of H2O ( C) (g) 0 60. 20. 75. 40. 90. 60. 105. 80. 120. 100. 135. 56 On the grid in your answer booklet, plot the data from the data table. Circle and connect the points. [1] 57 Determine the total mass of NH4Br(s) that must be dissolved in 200. grams of H2O at 60. C to produce a saturated solution. [1] 58 Compare the solubilities of NH4Br(s) and NH3(g), each in 100. grams of H2O, as temperature increases at standard pressure. Your response must include both NH4Br(s) and NH3(g). [1] Base your answers to questions 59 through 61 on the information below. Carbon forms molecular compounds with some elements from Group 16. Two of these compounds are carbon dioxide, CO2, and carbon disulfide, CS2. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature. At standard temperature and pressure, CO2(s) changes directly to CO2(g). Carbon disulfide is formed by a direct reaction of carbon and sulfur. At room temperature, CS2 is a colorless liquid with an offensive odor. Carbon disulfide vapors are flammable. 59 Identify one physical property and one chemical property of CS2. [1] 60 State what happens to the potential energy of CO2 molecules during this phase change of CO2. [1] 61 Compare the intermolecular forces in CO2 and CS2 at room temperature. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [9] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 62 through 64 on the data table below. Formulas and Boiling Points of Selected Alkanes Name Formula Boiling Point at 1 Atm ( C) methane CH4 162 ethane C2H6 89 propane C3H8 42 butane C4H10 0.5 pentane C5H12 36 62 In the space in your answer booklet, draw a structural formula for butane. [1] 63 At standard pressure and 298 K, which alkane is a liquid? [1] 64 What is the boiling point of propane at 1 atmosphere, in kelvins? [1] Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the information below. The balanced equation below represents the reaction between magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) A piece of Mg(s) has a volume of 0.0640 cubic centimeters. This piece of Mg(s) reacts completely with HCl(aq) to produce H2(g). The H2(g) produced has a volume of 112 milliliters and a pressure of 1.00 atmosphere at 298 K. 65 The volume of the piece of Mg(s) is expressed to what number of significant figures? [1] 66 In the space in your answer booklet, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the volume of the H2(g) produced if the conditions are changed to STP. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [10] Part C Answer all questions in this part. Directions (67 81): Record your answers in the spaces provided in your answer booklet. Some questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. Base your answers to questions 67 and 68 on the information below. Underground iron pipes in contact with moist soil are likely to corrode. This corrosion can be prevented by applying the principles of electrochemistry. Connecting an iron pipe to a magnesium block with a wire creates an electrochemical cell. The magnesium block acts as the anode and the iron pipe acts as the cathode. A diagram of this system is shown below. Cross-Sectional View of Underground Pipe Protection System Ground level Moist sand and gravel Wire Mg block Fe pipe Moist soil 67 State the direction of the flow of electrons between the electrodes in this cell. [1] 68 Explain, in terms of reactivity, why magnesium is preferred over zinc to protect underground iron pipes. Your response must include both magnesium and zinc. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [11] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 69 through 71 on the information below. In a laboratory, 0.100 mole of colorless hydrogen iodide gas at room temperature is placed in a 1.00-liter flask. The flask is sealed and warmed, causing the HI(g) to start decomposing to H2(g) and I2(g). Then the temperature of the contents of the flask is kept constant. During this reaction, the contents of the flask change to a pale purple-colored mixture of HI(g), H2(g), and I2(g). When the color of the mixture in the flask stops changing, the concentration of I2(g) is determined to be 0.013 mole per liter. The relationship between concentration and time for the reactant and products is shown in the graph below. Concentration of Reactant and Products Versus Time 0.100 0.090 Concentration (M) 0.080 Reactant 0.070 0.060 0.050 0.040 0.030 0.020 Each product 0.010 0.000 Time 69 Write a balanced equation to represent the decomposition reaction occurring in the flask. [1] 70 State, in terms of concentration, evidence that indicates the system in the flask has reached equilibrium. [1] 71 Calculate the mass of I2(g) in the flask at equilibrium. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. [2] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [12] Base your answers to questions 72 through 74 on the information below. Soil pH can affect the development of plants. For example, a hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown in acidic soil but pink flowers when grown in basic soil. Evergreen plants can show a yellowing of foliage, called chlorosis, when grown in soil that is too basic. Acidic soil can be neutralized by treating it with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, commonly called slaked lime. Slaked lime is slightly soluble in water. 72 Compare the hydrogen ion concentration to the hydroxide ion concentration in soil when a hydrangea plant produces pink flowers. [1] 73 An evergreen plant has yellowing foliage. The soil surrounding the plant is tested with methyl orange and bromthymol blue. Both indicators turn yellow in the soil tests. State, in terms of pH value, why the yellowing of the plant is not due to chlorosis. [1] 74 Write an equation, using symbols or words, for the neutralization of the ions in acidic soil by the ions released by slaked lime in water. [1] Base your answers to questions 75 through 77 on the information below. A fluorescent light tube contains a noble gas and a drop of mercury. When the fluorescent light operates, the Hg is a vapor and there are free-flowing Hg ions and electrons in the tube. The electrons collide with Hg atoms that then emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The inside of the tube is coated with a mixture of several compounds that absorbs UV radiation. Ions in the coating emit a blend of red, green, and blue light that together appears as white light. The compound that produces red light is Y2O3. The compound that produces green light is CeMgAl11O19. The compound that produces blue light is BaMgAl10O17. 75 Write the chemical name of the compound that produces red light. [1] 76 Calculate the percent composition by mass of aluminum in the compound that produces green light. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. [2] 77 Explain, in terms of both electrons and energy, how ions in the coating emit light. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [13] [OVER] Base your answers to questions 78 and 79 on the information below. A substance known as heavy water can be obtained from ordinary water and could be a significant source of energy in the future. Heavy water contains deuterium, H-2. Instead of the two hydrogen atoms in a typical water molecule, a heavy water molecule has two deuterium atoms. In 3.78 kilograms of ordinary water, the percent composition by mass of heavy water is approximately 0.0156%. Deuterium atoms completely ionize at approximately 108 K. The result is an ionized gas consisting of electrons and deuterons (the nuclei of deuterium). A triton is the nucleus of a tritium atom, H-3. These particles react according to the equations below. In the second equation, X represents an unidentified product. 2H 1 3 1 +2 1H 1H + 1H + energy 2H 1 4 +3 1H 2He + X + energy 78 Calculate the mass of heavy water in a 3.78-kilogram sample of ordinary water. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. [2] 79 Identify particle X in the second nuclear equation. Your response must include the symbol, atomic number, and mass number of the particle. [1] Base your answers to questions 80 and 81 on the information below. Ethyl butanoate is an organic compound that contributes to the odor of pineapple. Ethyl butanoate is one of the products formed by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol. 80 Identify two differences in the structures between a molecule of butanoic acid and a molecule of ethanol. Each of your responses must include both compounds. [2] 81 Identify the type of organic reaction that produces the compound that contributes to the odor of pineapple. [1] P.S./Chem. Jan. 09 [14] The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING Tear Here CHEMISTRY Thursday, January 29, 2009 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only ANSWER SHEET Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex: Male Female Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Record your answers to Part A and Part B 1 on this answer sheet. Part B 1 Part A 1 ............ 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ............ 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ............ 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............ 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ............ 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ............ 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ............ 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ............ 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ............ 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B 1 Score Part A Score Write your answers to Part B 2 and Part C in your answer booklet. Tear Here The declaration below should be signed when you have completed the examination. I do hereby affirm, at the close of this examination, that I had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that I have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Signature PS/CHEMISTRY Tear Here Tear Here PS/CHEMISTRY FOR TEACHERS ONLY The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PS CH PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY Thursday, January 29, 2009 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only SCORING KEY AND RATING GUIDE Directions to the Teacher: Refer to the directions on page 3 before rating student papers. Updated information regarding the rating of this examination may be posted on the New York State Education Department s web site during the rating period. Check this web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ and select the link Examination Scoring Information for any recently posted information regarding this examination. This site should be checked before the rating process for this examination begins and several times throughout the Regents examination period. Part A and Part B 1 Allow 1 credit for each correct response. Part AA Part Part B 1 Part B 1 1 . . . . .2 ....... 11 . . . . .2 ....... 21 . . . . 1 ....... 31 . . . . . 2 ....... 41 . . . . . 4 ....... 2 . . . . .3 ....... 12 . . . . .3 ....... 22 . . . . 4 ....... 32 . . . . . 2 ....... 42 . . . . . 1 ....... 3 . . . . .2 ....... 13 . . . . .4 ....... 23 . . . . 3 ....... 33 . . . . . 4 ....... 43 . . . . . 1 ....... 4 . . . . .3 ....... 14 . . . . .1 ....... 24 . . . . 2 ....... 34 . . . . . 3 ....... 44 . . . . . 2 ....... 5 . . . . .4 ....... 15 . . . . .3 ....... 25 . . . . 3 ....... 35 . . . . . 3 ....... 45 . . . . . 1 ....... 6 . . . . .4 ....... 16 . . . . .1 ....... 26 . . . . 4 ....... 36 . . . . . 4 ....... 46 . . . . . 1 ....... 7 . . . . .2 ....... 17 . . . . .4 ....... 27 . . . . 3 ....... 37 . . . . . 4 ....... 47 . . . . . 3 ....... 8 . . . . .2 ....... 18 . . . . .3 ....... 28 . . . . 2 ....... 38 . . . . . 2 ....... 48 . . . . . 2 ....... 9 . . . . .2 ....... 19 . . . . .3 ....... 29 . . . . 3 ....... 39 . . . . . 3 ....... 49 . . . . . 3 ....... 10 . . . . .1 ....... 20 . . . . .1 ....... 30 . . . . 1 ....... 40 . . . . . 4 ....... 50 . . . . . 3 ....... PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued Directions to the Teacher Follow the procedures below for scoring student answer papers for the Physical Setting/Chemistry examination. Additional information about scoring is provided in the publication Information Booklet for Scoring Regents Examinations in the Sciences. Use only red ink or red pencil in rating Regents papers. Do not correct the student s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. On the detachable answer sheet for Part A and Part B 1, indicate by means of a check mark each incorrect or omitted answer. In the box provided at the end of each part, record the number of questions the student answered correctly for that part. At least two science teachers must participate in the scoring of each student s responses to the Part B 2 and Part C open-ended questions. Each of these teachers should be responsible for scoring a selected number of the open-ended questions on each answer paper. No one teacher is to score all the open-ended questions on a student s answer paper. Students responses must be scored strictly according to the Scoring Key and Rating Guide. For open-ended questions, credit may be allowed for responses other than those given in the rating guide if the response is a scientifically accurate answer to the question and demonstrates adequate knowledge as indicated by the examples in the rating guide. Complete sentences are not required. Phrases, diagrams, and symbols may be used. In the student s answer booklet, record the number of credits earned for each answer in the box printed to the right of the answer lines or spaces for that question. Fractional credit is not allowed. Only whole-number credit may be given to a response. Units need not be given when the wording of the questions allows such omissions. Raters should enter the scores earned for Part A, Part B 1, Part B 2, and Part C on the appropriate lines in the box printed on the answer booklet and then should add these four scores and enter the total in the box labeled Total Written Test Score. Then, the student s raw score should be converted to a scaled score by using the conversion chart that will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Thursday, January 29, 2009. The student s scaled score should be entered in the labeled box on the student s answer booklet. The scaled score is the student s final examination score. All student answer papers that receive a scaled score of 60 through 64 must be scored a second time. For the second scoring, a different committee of teachers may score the student s paper or the original committee may score the paper, except that no teacher may score the same open-ended questions that he/she scored in the first rating of the paper. The school principal is responsible for assuring that the student s final examination score is based on a fair, accurate, and reliable scoring of the student s answer paper. Because scaled scores corresponding to raw scores in the conversion chart may change from one examination to another, it is crucial that for each administration, the conversion chart provided for that administration be used to determine the student s final score. [3] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued Part B 2 Allow a total of 16 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit. The specific positioning of the dots may vary. Examples of 1-credit responses: B B 52 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Neon has atoms with a complete outer shell of electrons. Neon has a complete octet. Neon has eight valence electrons. 53 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The rate of the forward reaction decreases because there are fewer N2 molecules to collide with H2 molecules. The rate slows down because collisions are less frequent. fewer effective collisions [4] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued 54 [1] Allow 1 credit for 1.94 g. 55 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: A Ca2+ ion has two fewer electrons than a Ca atom, so the ion is smaller. Ca has an electron configuration of 2-8-8-2, and Ca2+ has an electron configuration of 2-8-8, so the ion is smaller. 56 [1] Allow 1 credit for correctly plotting all six points 0.1 grid space. Plotted points do not need to be circled or connected. Example of a 1-credit response: Solubility of NH4Br in H2O Versus Temperature Mass of NH4Br per 100. g of H2O (g) 150. 120. 90. 60. 30. 0 0 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. Temperature ( C) 57 [1] Allow 1 credit for 210. g or for a response consistent with the student s graph in question 56. Significant figures do not need to be shown. 58 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: As temperature increases, the solubility of NH4Br(s) in H2O increases and the solubility of NH3(g) in H2O decreases. NH4Br becomes more soluble and NH3 becomes less soluble. [5] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued 59 [1] Allow 1 credit for identifying one physical property and one chemical property of CS2. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Physical property: liquid at room temperature colorless odor boiling point above room temperature Chemical property: CS2 can be decomposed into C and S. flammable 60 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The potential energy of the CO2 molecules increases. PE increases. 61 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Carbon disulfide has stronger intermolecular forces than carbon dioxide. CO2 has weaker intermolecular forces. 62 [1] Allow 1 credit. Examples of 1-credit responses: H H H H H C C C C H H H H H C C C C [6] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued 63 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: pentane C5H12 64 [1] Allow 1 credit for 231 K. 65 [1] Allow 1 credit for 3 or three. 66 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: V2 112 mL = 298 K 273 K (112)(273)(1) (298)(1) [7] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued Part C Allow a total of 19 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 67 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Electrons flow from the magnesium block to the iron pipe. Electrons flow from the Mg to the Fe through the wire. Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode in a voltaic cell. from the block to the pipe 68 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Magnesium atoms lose electrons more easily than zinc atoms. Mg oxidizes more readily than Zn. Mg is more active than Zn. 69 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI I2 + H2 70 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The concentration of each product and the concentration of the reactant remain the same. The concentrations have reached constant levels. The horizontal lines on the graph show that the concentrations are constant. Note: Do not allow credit for a response stating the color of the gas is not changing, without including a reference to concentration. [8] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued 71 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 1 credit for a correct numerical setup. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: 126.905 2 = 253.810 g/mol (0.013 M)(1.00 L)(253.810 g/mol) mass = 0.013 254 Allow 1 credit for 3.3 g or for a response consistent with the student s numerical setup. Significant figures do not need to be shown. Note: Do not allow credit for a numerical setup and calculated result that are not related to the concept assessed by the question. 72 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The hydroxide ion concentration is greater than the hydrogen ion concentration. The H3O+ concentration is less than the OH concentration. [OH ] > [H3O+] 73 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: The pH is between 4.4 and 6.0, which indicates an acidic soil. The pH of the soil surrounding the plant is below 6.0. For chlorosis, the soil pH must be above 7. 74 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: H3O+(aq) + OH (aq) 2H2O( ) H+ + OH HOH hydrogen ions + hydroxide ions water hydroxide ions + hydronium ions water 75 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: yttrium oxide [9] [OVER] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY continued 76 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 1 credit for a correct numerical setup. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: (11)(26.981 54 g /mol) 100 (140.12 g /mol) + (24.305 g /mol) + 11(26.981 54 g /mol) + 19(15.9994 g /mol) 297 100 765 Allow 1 credit for 38.8% or for a response consistent with the student s numerical setup. Significant figures do not need to be shown. Note: Do not allow credit for a numerical setup and calculated result that are not related to the concept assessed by the question. 77 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: Electrons move from the ground state to an excited state as the compounds gain energy. Light energy is released when the electrons return to lower states. Electrons lose energy as they move to lower shells. Light is emitted as electrons return from higher to lower energy states. 78 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, allocated as follows: Allow 1 credit for a correct numerical setup. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: (0.000 156)(3.78 kg) 0.0156 3.78 100 Allow 1 credit for 5.90 10 4 kg or 0.000 590 kg or for a response consistent with the student s numerical setup. Significant figures do not need to be shown. Note: Do not allow credit for a numerical setup and calculated result that are not related to the concept assessed by the question. [10] PHYSICAL SETTING/CHEMISTRY concluded 79 [1] Allow 1 credit for 1 0n. 80 [2] Allow a maximum of 2 credits, 1 credit for each acceptable response. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: A butanoic acid molecule has four carbon atoms and an ethanol molecule has two carbon atoms. Butanoic acid has a different functional group than ethanol. A butanoic acid molecule has more hydrogen atoms than an ethanol molecule. In a butanoic acid molecule, one oxygen atom has a double bond and in an ethanol molecule, the oxygen atom has two single bonds. 81 [1] Allow 1 credit. Acceptable responses include, but are not limited to: esterification dehydration synthesis [11] [OVER] Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Chemistry January 2009 Chart for Converting Total Test Raw Scores to Final Examination Scores (Scaled Scores) The Chart for Determining the Final Examination Score for the January 2009 Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Chemistry will be posted on the Department s web site http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/ on Thursday, January 29, 2009. Conversion charts provided for previous administrations of the Regents Examination in Physical Setting/Chemistry must NOT be used to determine students final scores for this administration. Online Submission of Teacher Evaluations of the Test to the Department Suggestions and feedback from teachers provide an important contribution to the test development process. The Department provides an online evaluation form for State assessments. It contains spaces for teachers to respond to several specific questions and to make suggestions. Instructions for completing the evaluation form are as follows: 1. Go to www.emsc.nysed.gov/osa/exameval. 2. Select the test title. 3. Complete the required demographic fields. 4. Complete each evaluation question and provide comments in the space provided. 5. Click the SUBMIT button at the bottom of the page to submit the completed form. [12] Map to Core Curriculum January 2009 Physical Setting/Chemistry Key Ideas/Performance Indicators Question Numbers Part A Standard 1 Math Key Idea 1 Math Key Idea 2 Math Key Idea 3 Science Inquiry Key Idea 1 Science Inquiry Key Idea 2 Science Inquiry Key Idea 3 Part B Part C 37,38,49,56,64,65 35,58 37,44,54,57,64,66 41,53,55 76 70 71,76,78 68,77,80 32,36,37,46,48,49, 57,63 68,69,72,73,75 Engineering Design Key Idea 1 Standard 2 59 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Standard 6 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 42 Standard 7 Key Idea 1 Key Idea 2 Standard 4 Process Skills 31,32,33,34,39,40, 41,43,45,47,52,53, 54,57,58,62,66 38,39,42,50,60 45,51,61 Key Idea 3 Key Idea 4 Key Idea 5 67,69,70,71,73,74, 80,81 79 Standard 4 Key Idea 4 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,11,15,16,17,18, 20,21,22,23,24,25, 26,27,28,30 14,19,29 Key Idea 5 12,13 2002 Edition 2,6,7,8,9,12,13,15, 25,27,28,30 Key Idea 3 31,32,33,34,36,40, 41,43,44,46,47,49, 53,54,56,57,58,59, 62,65,66 35,38,39,42,48,50, 60,63,64 37,45,51,52,55,61 67,68,69,70,71,72, 73,74,75,76,77,78, 80,81 79 Reference Tables [13] 33,34,37,38,43,44, 45,46,47,48,49,51, 55,62,64,66 67,68,71,73,74,75, 76,78,79,80,81

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