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ICSE Notes 2017 : Computer Applications (Hilton's School, Dehradun)

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JAVA Programming Theory for ICSE Exam-2017 Prepared By: Ashley Tindale 8979764707 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE: These languages are machine independent and provides user-friendly environment to the users in developing their program to solve a problem using computer. These languages are not understood by the computer without the help of translator. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE: These are machine language or Binary language which is understood by the computer. Programs written in High Level Language gets converted in Low level Language by the translator. COMPUTER PROGRAM: A computer program is a set of instructions given in a particular sequence to solve a given problem using computer. The computer follows your instructions exactly and in the process does something useful. COMPUTER PROGRAMMER: A person whose job is to develop or write computer programs to carry out a given task using computer. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: In order for a computer to recognize the instructions you give it, those instructions need to be written in a language the computer understands -- a programming language. There are many computer programming languages -Fortran, Cobol, Basic, Pascal, C, C++, Java, Perl -- just like there are many spoken languages. They all express approximately the same concepts in different ways. TRANSLATOR : It translates/converts a program written in a human-readable computer language (like Java) into a form(Machine Language) that a computer can understand and execute. In return it again translates machine codes into human-readable form so that user can understand it. The two types of Translators are:- 1. Compiler 2. Interpreter COMPILER : A compiler translates a computer program written in a human-readable computer language (like Java) into a form that a computer can execute. You have probably seen .EXE / .COM files on your computer. These EXE/COM files are the output of compilers. They contain executables -- machine-readable programs translated from human-readable programs. Difference between Compiler and Interpreter. COMPILER 1. It translates a whole computer program into machine language at once. 2. It gives total errors of a program. 3. Translation keeps proceeding even on occurrence of an error. INTEPRETER 1. It translates only one line of a program at a time. 2. It gives only the first error of a program. 3. Translation never proceeds till the first error is cleared. There are two principles of programming ( OOP and POP) POP (Procedure Oriented Programming) A method of breaking a problem(program) into number of procedures (Segments/Module/Function/Methods) is known as POP based programming. Eg. BASIC,COBOL etc. OOP (Object oriented Programming) A method of breaking a problem(program) into number of objects (Segments/Module/Function/Methods) is known as OOP based programming. Eg. Simula/Small Talk/Java etc. Distinguish between POP and OOP programming. PROCEDURE ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1. Stress is given on functions rather than data. 2. Problem/program is divided into number of Procedures (Segments). 3. Data values are treated as global. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1. Stress is given on data elements rather than data. 2. Problem/program is divided into number of Objects (Segments). 3. Data values are treated as local. 1

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