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Minerals in India

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Supreeth Rao
Vidyashilp Academy (VSA), Bangalore

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Minerals In India 1 Coal 1.1.4 Peat First stage of Coal from wood. 1. Coal is a basic source of energy. Produces a large amount of Smoke. 2. It can be converted into gas,oil,electricity and thermal power . Ashey in Nature. 3. It is a basic precursor to Chemicals,Dyes, Fertilisers,Paints and Explosives. 1.2 Distribution of Coal in India 4. Coal is used for smelting in a blast furnace India is the largest producer of coal in south Asia. India has about 123,000 million tonnes of coal. . Coal mines can be grouped into two catagories . 5. Byproducts include Benzol,Naptha , Phenol Tar ,Ammonia Gas. 1.2.1 Gondwana Coal fields 1.1 98% of Indias coal exists in these areas . Types of Coal State Location West Bengal Ranigunj Jharkhand Jharia , Bokaro Andhrapradesh Kantapalli , Kothagundem Chhattisgarh Tatapani , Korba. Maharashtra Kamptee , Chandrapur. Madhyapradesh Pench Valley , Shahdal Odisha Talcher , Sambalpur There are four types of coal. 1.1.1 Antracite More than 90% Carbon content. It is Black in colour and burns without any smoke. Used in Iron and Steel plants , Steam gen1.2.2 eration and the Indian Railways. State Kashmir Assam Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Meghalaya Rajasthan Tamil Nadu It has a high Calorific Value 1.1.2 Tertiary Coal fields Bituminous 75-85% Carbon content. Used in Small Scale industries. Used for the production of Coke,Coal Gas , Steam Coal. 2 Low Moisture content. Location Riasi Lakhimpur Namchick Borjan Balphak Pallu Neyveli Petroleum 1. Used as a source of power for Automobiles. 1.1.3 Lignite 2. Byproducts include Lubricants , Kerosene , Tar and soap. Less than 50% Carbon content. Brown in Colour. 3. Most Oil is imported to India and hence the refineries are located in coastal cities. Friable and Moisture laden. Low Calorific Value. 1 2.1 Distribution of Petroleum in 3.1 Distribution of Iron Ore India State Location Odisha Mayurbanj Jharkhand Noamundi Digboi ( Oldest in India , estd 1882). Chhattisgarh Dhalli Rajhara Goa Netralim Rudrasagar , Sibsagar , Bappapung , Hanspung Karnataka Hospet are a few other Oil fields in Assam. Andhrapradesh Anantapur Tamilnadu Coimbatore 2.1.2 Gujarat Maharashtra Ratnagiri 2.1.1 Assam Ankleshwar , Lunej , Mehsana , Dholka are a few Oil fields in Gujarat. 4 Manganese The biggest oilstrike was made by ONGC Manganese is an inportant mineral used in makin 1974. ing of Iron and Steel as it increases the strength of steel and it is used as a raw material for the 2.1.3 Maharashtra manufacture of paints and glass. The o shore drilling platform 120 Km o the coast of Mumbai (Sagar Samrat Drilling 4.1 Distribution of Manganese Platform , Mumbai High) looks very promisState Location ing. Odisha Sambalpur Karnataka Uttar Kannada , Bellary Madhyapradesh Chinndwara 2.2 Oil refineries Maharashtra Ratnagiri Crude oil needs to be refined to be used.Fractional Distillation is used to seperate out the fractions Bauxite of the useful Petroleum product. Most of the 5 Oil is inported and thus the refineries are on the Bauxite is an ore of Aluminium . It contains coast to Aluminium Oxide . 1. Reduce transportation cost of the Crude oil. 5.1 State Location Odisha Kalahandi Jharkhand Ranchi Madhyapradesh Mandla Maharashtra Kolhapur 2. To prevent Oil spills in inland which are damaging to crops . A few Oil refineries in India are as follows. IOC - haldia , Bongaigon } , Mathura . (HP CL) M umbai .Joint Venture (BP CL) M umbai 3 Distribution of Bauxite 6 Iron Ore Limestone Limestone is a mixture of Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium. It is used in chemical , Iron and Steel Iron Ore is useful in the production of Iron and and Cement industry . It is also used in making Steel .Steel is the basic material for every heavy glass and fertilisers . industry . Iron Ore found in India is Heamatite while Mag6.1 Distribution of Limestone netite is the purest ore of Iron and Limonite is State Location the poorest grade of Iron Ore. Chhattisgarh Bilaspur , Raigarh Rajasthan Jhunjhunu , Jodhpur , Ajmer Madhyapradesh Jabalpur , Satra 2

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