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ICSE Class X Notes 2020 : Geography : Mineral

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Minerals And Energy Resources Types and Occurrence of Minerals Minerals are essential for our economic development and personal well-being. Minerals occur naturally in the earth s crust India is a mineral-rich country. Minerals can be classified as: Metallic Minerals Ferrous minerals Non-ferrous minerals Precious metals Non-Metallic Minerals Energy or Fuel Minerals Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals Ferrous minerals contain iron, e.g. iron ore and manganese. Iron has rich deposits of ferrous minerals. Non-ferrous minerals don not contain iron, e.g. copper and bauxite Bauxite is the main ore of aluminium. India has unsatisfactory reserves of non-ferrous minerals. Non-Metallic Minerals Mica is a non-metallic composed of thin leaves joined together. Limestone is a form of sedimentary rock almost entirely composed of calcium carbonate. Mine workers face serious risks to their health and life. Minerals are limited and non-renewable resources. Energy Resources The conventional sources of energy include firewood, cattle dung cakes, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydro and thermal electricity. Intense heat and pressure over millions of years has turned prehistoric plant material buried under how much pressure. Petroleum provides fuels like petrol and diesel, industrial lubricants and raw. Material for number of industries, including textiles, fertilisers and cosmetics Natural gas is a mixture of gases found trapped in rock with or without petroleum. Electricity and Non-Conventional Sources of Energy Electricity can be generated through several methods. The present production of electricity depends heavily on the use of fossil fuels. We need to develop non-conventional sources of energy to ensure future energy security. Solar energy, wind energy, biogas, tidal energy and geothermal energy are some non-conventional sources of energy. Conservation of Energy The demand for energy is rising in all parts of the country. We are heavily dependent on fossil fuels to meet energy requirements. To ensure future energy security, we must develop renewable sources of energy and implement ways for energy conservation.

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