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UK GCSE 2010 : Geography- Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 Paper 2 Higher Tier [G3604] G3604 Geography THURSDAY 17 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all three questions You are provided with an O.S. map for use with Question 3. Do not write your answer on this map. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 126, including a maximum of 6 marks for quality of written communication. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A ruler is needed for use with Question 3. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 110087 QWC Total Marks 6277 Marks Theme D: Population and Resources Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Study Table 1, which shows the population age structures of various countries in 2007. Answer the questions that follow. 1 Table 1 Level of Development Country % of people aged 0 14 % of people aged 15 64 % of people aged over 65 LEDC Ethiopia 50 48 2 LEDC Nigeria 45 52 3 MEDC Germany 15 69 MEDC Japan 10 70 20 Source: Principal Examiner (i) State the name of the country with the highest percentage of youth dependents. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Complete Table 1 to show the % of people aged over 65 in Germany. [1] (iii) State the meaning of the term population structure. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 6277 2 [Turn over (iv) Using examples from Table 1, show how the level of development influences both the youth and aged dependent populations. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] (v) Describe the shape of a population pyramid that shows evidence of in-migration. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 6277 3 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 1, which shows some predictions about future population growth. Answer the questions which follow: Examiner Only Marks Remark Key predictions on global population growth. Global population rises to 9.3 billion by 2050. MEDC s population remains the same at 1.2 billion by 2050. The Earth s resources will be placed under even greater pressure by 2050. Source: Principal Examiner Fig. 1 (i) Underline the correct population total for LEDCs by 2050. 6.1 billion 9.3 billion [1] 8.1 billion (ii) State fully one reason why the population of MEDCs is likely to remain the same by 2050. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State the term which means that the number of people in an area is low compared to the available resources. ___________________________________________________ [1] 6277 4 [Turn over (iv) Using a case study of population change in a LEDC that you have studied, describe how the birth rate and death rate have changed over time. LEDC Examiner Only Marks Remark ________________________________________________ Change in birth rate and death rate _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] 6277 5 [Turn over (c) Study Fig. 2 which shows the views of people migrating. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark I came to Los Angeles. Even an uneducated Mexican farmer like me can get a good wage. I moved to Mexico City to get away from the poverty in my small village of San Juan. Luis Maria Los Angeles N USA International Border MEXICO B = Belize San Juan 0 300km Mexico City G = Guatemala G = city B Honduras = village Source: Principal Examiner Fig. 2 (i) State the direction Los Angeles is from Mexico City. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name the person who is NOT an international migrant. ___________________________________________________ [1] 6277 6 [Turn over (iii) Migration can bring many impacts to an area. State fully one negative impact it can bring. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (d) Using a case study of population density in an E.U. country (other than the British Isles) state fully how one physical and one economic factor affects an area of low density within that country. Name of E.U. country _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [6] 6277 7 [Turn over (e) Study Fig. 3 which shows statements on how renewable energy is being used in Denmark. Answer the questions that follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark Denmark Wind energy can power up to 440,000 homes in Denmark. Denmark has 4,900 wind turbines mostly situated off the west coast. Wind power supplies 7% of electricity in Denmark the highest in Europe. A target of 50% of Denmark s electricity to be wind generated by 2030. Source: Principal Examiner Fig. 3 (i) Name one renewable resource other than wind power. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State the meaning of the term resource depletion. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 6277 8 [Turn over (iii) Using Fig. 3, describe and explain how Denmark is promoting a sustainable approach to energy use. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [5] 6277 9 [Turn over Theme E: Economic Change and Development Examiner Only Marks 2 Remark (a) Study Fig. 4 which shows an advertisement for Fairtrade fortnight in 2010. Answer the questions which follow. We want over one million people to join us in the big swap. During Fairtrade fortnight swap your usual shopping items and buy Fairtrade items, like sugar, clothes, bananas and even footballs! Fairtrade Foundation http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/thebigswap Fig. 4 (i) State the meaning of the term Fairtrade. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Identify one Fairtrade food item from Fig. 4. ___________________________________________________ [1] 6277 10 [Turn over (iii) State fully one advantage Fair trade can bring to LEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (b) Study Fig. 5 which names some types of aid available to LEDCs. Answer the questions which follow. Bilateral Aid Aid from Voluntary Organisations Tied Aid Multilateral Aid Fig. 5 (i) Choose two types of aid from Fig. 5 and describe how each operates. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [6] 6277 11 [Turn over (ii) State fully one reason why MEDCs give aid to LEDCs. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State three disadvantages aid can cause in LEDCs 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [3] 6277 12 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 6277 13 [Turn over (c) Study Fig. 6 and Table 2 which show a scatter graph and table comparing GNP with Literacy rate for ten countries which are named in the table. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark 120 100 A C E B D Literacy Rate (%) 80 G 60 F H 40 I J 20 0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 GNP per Capita (US$) 30,000 35,000 40,000 Source: Principal examiner Reduced by 10% to fit page width Fig. 6 Table 2 Literacy rate shows the percentage of people in the country who can read and write. GNP per capita gives an indication of the average annual earnings of people in a country. A Austria B Ireland C Spain D Turkey E China India G Ghana H Gambia I Ethiopia J 14 Country F 6277 Letter on graph Niger [Turn over (i) State the name of country in Fig. 6 with the lowest literacy rate. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Describe the relationship shown in Fig. 6 between GNP and Literacy Rate. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (iii) Classify the two indicators from Fig. 6 as economic or social. GNP = ______________________ indicator Literacy rate = ______________________ indicator [2] (iv) Explain why it is important to use both social and economic indicators when measuring development. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] 6277 15 [Turn over (d) Study Fig. 7 which shows an area called Silicon Glen, where many hi-tech industries choose to locate in the U.K. Answer the questions which follow. Key Remark Aberdeen M90 and the North Motorway Dual carriageway Railway Airport Clyde Examiner Only Marks Forth M9 Edinburgh LEN NG SILICO M8 Glasgow N 0 km 20 A74 (M) Figure from Complete Geography by Simon Chapman et al (OUP, 1998). Copyright Oxford University Press 1998, reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press Fig. 7 (i) Name the motorway which goes north out of Edinburgh ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State fully one reason why Silicon Glen might attract hi-tech industries. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] 6277 16 [Turn over (iii) State the meaning of the term hi-tech industry. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (e) Name one transnational corporation (TNC) you have studied and state fully two reasons why it changed the location of its factories from a MEDC to a LEDC. Name of TNC _________________________ Reasons for moving _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ [6] 6277 17 [Turn over BLANK PAGE 6277 18 [Turn over Theme F: Settlements and Change Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Study the Ordnance Survey extract of Durham in England and answer the questions which follow. 3 (i) State and explain one factor which may have influenced the original choice of this site for Durham (GR 2742). Factor ______________________________________________ [1] _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) State the straight line distance from the Park and Ride terminus at 307446 to the bus and coach station in the centre of Durham at 269426. ________________ km [2] (iii) Suggest one reason why GR 3044 is a good location for a Park and Ride facility. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 6277 19 [Turn over (b) Study Fig. 8 which gives information about the Park and Ride facilities in Durham. Answer the question which follows. Examiner Only Marks Remark Belmont Park and Ride (GR 3044) Three successful Park and Ride sites were built on the outskirts of Durham in 2005. 1.2 million people used the service in the first 2 years and numbers are increasing all the time. There are 1000 parking spaces at the sites and frequent buses take people into the city centre 6 days per week. There are now more short term expensive car-parks in the city centre. Durham City Council are planning to extend the size of the Park and Ride car-parks to hold more cars and also to build 2 new Park and Ride facilities for other areas of the city. Transport in Durham is now more sustainable because of Park and Ride. Oliver Dixon http://geograph.org.uk/photo/373392 6277 20 [Turn over (i) Explain how the Park and Ride facilities help ease traffic in the centre of Durham. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Explain how the Park and Ride facilities help Durham become a more sustainable city. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] 6277 21 [Turn over (iii) Arrange the following settlements in order of size beginning with the largest. Durham (GR 2742) Remark Sherburn (GR 3142) Edmondsley (GR 2349) Examiner Only Marks Sacriston (GR 2447) Table 3 Rank Order Settlement 1 2 3 4 [4] (iv) State the term used to describe the arrangement of settlements in order of importance in a given area. ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Complete Table 4 to show which services are available in Sacriston (GR 2447). Table 4 Settlement Post Public Church Office house 2 or more roads Bus School Hospital Station Durham Sacriston Edmondsley [3] 6277 22 [Turn over (vi) State fully why there is a variation in the number and variety of services in the settlements in Table 4. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [5] 6277 23 [Turn over (c) Study Table 5 which shows the urban population as a percentage of the total population in different areas. Answer the questions which follow. Examiner Only Marks Remark Table 5 Urban Population as a Percentage of the Total Population 1950 1990 2030 (estimated) MEDCs 55 73 84 LEDCs 18 33 56 Tables from Geog GCSE by Anna King et al (OUP, 2006), copyright Oxford University Press 2006, reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press. (i) Compare how urbanisation is changing over time as shown in Table 5. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (ii) State fully one reason for urbanisation in LEDCs. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] 6277 24 [Turn over (d) Many inner city areas have been redeveloped and improved. Evaluate two measures used to improve an inner city area you have studied. Examiner Only Marks Remark Name of Inner City Area _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [6] Quality of Written Communication THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 6277 25 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if noti ed. 110087 [Turn over

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