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JAM-2014-GG-Q29-43 explanation

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Kumar Ayyasami
Presidency College, Chennai

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JAM 2014: 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. A Descriptive Part: 36. A: Trench B: Fore Arc C: Back Arc D: Island Arc E: Asthenosphere 37. Biconical: Conus Discoidal: Bellerophon Turrated: Turritella Distinguish between holostomatous and siphonostomatous aperture in gastropods: holostomatous : Having the mouth entire Siphonostomatous: Having the front edge of the aperture of the shell prolonged in the shape of a channel for the protection of the siphon 38. Based on geological map answers question below: Question: Identify the nature of surface passing through A? Unconformity Question: Identify sets of beds and relative age of these sets Q&S are older than H,K&L. Question: Identify the nature of fold at B Plunging fold Question: In the map vertical fault F-F cuts across the dyke and adjacent beds. Find the nature of slip along the fault. Dextral strike slip fault Question:Why is the dyke not diplaced by fault The dyke is younger to the fault. 39. Which type of climate conditions and topography is suitable for formation of plateautype bauxite deposits. Intense chemical weathering of rocks (igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic) leads to accumulation of aluminous or aluminoferrugenous formations forming lateritic bauxites. Lateritic bauxite of residual origin occurs as cappings over plateaus and occur in tropical countries located between 30 N and 30 S ( 5 ) latitudes. The formation of bauxites depends more on weathering conditions with good drainage, geomorphology, climate (hot and humid), stable tectonic regime, peneplanation and time. Name two essential minerals in bauxite? Gibbsite, Boehmite The figure below shows the idealised anticlinal hydrocarbon reservoir containing oil, gas and water. Which zone will be predominantly occupied by oil and why? B. Because oil is denser than gas and lighter than water. 40. Study the structure given below: In what sequence the minerals chlorite, garnet and staurolite formed? Give reasons for your answer. Clay in sedimentary rock is metamorphosed to chlorite-chloritoid schist. Below the staurolite isograd, and to some unknown extent above it, garnet grew by the reaction chloritoid+chlorite+quartz garnet+H 2O. The staurolite isograd coincides with the reaction chloritoid+quartz garnet+staurolite+chlorite+H 2O. Sillimanite- and garnet-rich siliceous schists, gneisses, and granulites, together with minor proportions of garnetiferous quartzite and of a white rock resembling limestone. Muscovite is not found in Khondalite. field 1: Solid A = Solid C field 2: Solid A + liquid Under non-equilibrium conditions a melt that started with less silica than C can cool past the reaction point to reach the eutectic. This occurs because all the liquid is not used up by reaction with A at point R. A typical texture indicating incomplete reaction is a reaction rim or corona texture Under equilibrium cooling melt A will crystallise its crystals once it has cooled to B and the composition of the melt will evolve down the liquidus to point R. At R the A reacts with B in the melt to form crystals of C. Under equilibrium conditions the system will remain at the reaction point R until either all the forsterite OR all the liquid is consumed by the reaction. If the original melt contained less silica than enstatite (left hand diagram) then all the liquid will be used up before the forsterite in reaction 1. The magma will become fully crystallised at the reaction point R and the final rock will consist of only forsterite (which escaped reaction to enstatite since the reaction ran out of liquid) and enstatite as shown. Note this magma DOES NOT reach the eutectic. The proportion of these can be found using the original composition and the lever rule. The reaction point R is also called a Peritectic. If the original melt composition was more silica rich than C then there will be more liquid left once it has cooled to the reaction point R. In this case all A will react to C with some magma left over. This magma will then continue to cool down the liquidus between R and E crystallising C until it reaches the eutectic E and crystallises C and B. Compare this diagram with Mg2SiO4 + SiO2(melt) MgSiO3 reaction diagram. 4 faces. Tetragonal bipyramidal Write Si:O ratios of Olivine, diopside and nepheline Olivine: 1:4 Diopside: 1:3 Nepheline: 1:2 Regression. The composition from mud to sandstone-shale alteration to sandstone indicate the coarsening of sediments due to uplift or shallowing of the sea. One of the primary sedimentary depositional environments that produce arenites that contain less matrix are beaches/upper shoreface, due to their high energy of the environment. Shore face sandstone as it is deposited in wave dominated sand flat.

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