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ICSE Notes 2017 : History and Civics (Isha Home School, Coimbatore)

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Arun Kumar
Isha Home School (IHS), Coimbatore

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The First World War CAUSES OF THE WAR - Imperialist Rivalries Among Nations All parts of Asia, Africa and some other areas had come under the control of at least one imperialist nation of Europe. The entry of Germany in the race for colonies complicated the matter further. Asia and Africa had already been divided between the European powers. The only way for Germany to increase its colonies was by dispossessing the older colonial powers like Britain and France. After its unification in 1871, Germany made tremendous industrial progress. Britain was able to maintain its economic predominance in India and some countries of South-East Asia. But in Latin America, the Middle East and the Far East, it lost out heavily due to German competition. Imperial Rivalries: Britain and Germany in East and South-West Africa France and Britain in Siam(Thailand) and Egypt Britain and Russia in Persia and Afghanistan Germany and France in Morocco and West Africa Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans. Italy coveted Tripoli which was part of the Ottoman Empire. The USA, which extended its influence over the Philippines and other islands in the Pacific. - Rivalry between France and Germany - In the Franco-German War (1870-71), France was defeated and had to hand over two of its mineral rich provinces, Alsace and Lorraine, to Germany. In 1904, France and England signed a secret agreement by which France would take over Morocco in exchange for Britain having a free hand in Egypt. War was about to begin but was averted when France agreed to give Germany a part of French Congo (in Africa). Germany, in exchange, agreed to the French occupation of Morocco. Rivalry between Britain and Germany By the middle of the 19th century, Britain had emerged as the most powerful industrial nation. It was also recognized as the supreme naval power. Under the able guidance of Bismarck, Germany rose to prominence and by 1870 was considered the most powerful nation of Europe. It became the largest producer of steel and iron. In 1912 it built the Imperator, considered to be the largest ship made in the world till then.

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