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ICSE Class X Notes 2026 : Chemistry (The Sanskaar Valley School, Bhopal)

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Anahad Singh
The Sanskaar Valley School, Bhopal

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The Shine Academy Analytical Chemistry Observation Table (Reaction of certain metallic salts with NaOH & NH 4OH) Salt Reagent NaOH Reagent In Excess NH4OH In Excess Sparingly Soluble No Reaction No Reaction Milky White ppt. Of Ca(OH)2 Calcium Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Salt Ca(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 Dirty Green ppt. Of Fe(OH)2 Ferrous FeSO4 + 2NaOH Salt Insoluble Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Ferric Salt Reddish Brown ppt. Of Fe(OH)3 Dirty Green ppt. Of Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 + 2NH4OH Insoluble Fe(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Reddish Brown ppt. Of Fe(OH)3 Insoluble FeCl3 + 3NH4OH Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH4Cl FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl 2Fe(OH)3 + 2(NH4)2SO4 Insoluble Soluble Soluble Gelatinous White ppt. Colourless Sodium Of Zn(OH)2 zincate Formed Gelatinous White ppt. Of Zn(OH)2 ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH Zinc Salt ZnSO4 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Colourless solution of Tetra amine zinc sulphate or Tetra amine zinc Chloride formed Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O Zn(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O ZnCl2 + 2NH4OH Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl + 2NH4OH Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl [Zn(NH3)4]Cl2 + 4H2O Pale blue ppt of Cu(OH)2 Copper Salt Pale blue ppt of Cu(OH)2 Insoluble Soluble Deep blue solution of Tetra amine copper sulphate formed CuSO4 + 2NaOH CuSO4 + 2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O Soluble Lead Salt Chalky White ppt. Of Colourless Sodium Pb(OH)2 plumbite formed Chalky White ppt. Of Pb(OH)2 Insoluble Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH Pb(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 Na2PbO2 + 2H2O Pb(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 NH3 evolved Ammo NH4Cl + NaOH nium (NH4)2SO4 + NaOH 2NH3 Salt NaCl + H2O + NH3 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + No reaction The Shine Academy Analytical Chemistry Observation Table (Reaction of Alkali on certain Amphoteric metal, metal oxide & hydroxide) Metal Zinc Aluminum Lead Metal Oxide Metal Hydroxide Zn + 2NaOH (hot & conc.) Na2ZnO2 + H2 ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O Zn + 2KOH (hot & conc.) K2ZnO2 + H2 ZnO + 2KOH K2ZnO2 + H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2KOH K2ZnO2 + 2H2O 2Al + 2NaOH (boiling with dil Al2O3 + 2NaOH alkali) 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 2NaAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O 2Al + 2KOH (boiling with dil alkali) 2KAlO2 + 3H2 Al2O3 + 2KOH 2KAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + KOH KAlO2 + 2H2O Pb + 2NaOH Na2PbO2 + H2 PbO + 2NaOH Na2PbO2 + H2O Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2PbO2 + 2H2O Pb + 2KOH H2 K2PbO2 + PbO + 2KOH K2PbO2 + H2O Pb(OH)2 + 2KOH K2PbO2 + 2H2O

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