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Machines 1. Machine : It is a device, by which we can overcome resistance, or gain speed by applying comparatively small force, at a convenient point, and in a desired direction. 2. Input : Work done on a machine or energy supplied to a machine is called input. 3. Output : Work done by a machine or energy produced by a machine is called output. 4. Actual Output : The total work done by a machine is called actual output. It includes the work done in moving the parts of the machine and the friction. 5. Useful Output : The useful work done by a machine is called useful output. It does not include work done in moving the parts of machine and the friction. 6. Ideal Machine : A machine whose parts are weightless and frictionless, is called an ideal machine. 7. Mechanical Advantage or Actual Mechanical Advantage : The ratio between the useful load (resistance overcome) moved by a machine, to the effort applied on it is called mechanical advantage or actual mechanical advantage. 8. Ideal Mechanical Advantage : The ratio between the total load moved, inclusive of the friction and the movable parts of a machine, to the effort applied on it is called ideal mechanical advantage. Class-X 1 Key points
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