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Diaspora, Exile and Migration

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Concepts in Postcolonial Theory: Diaspora, Exile, Migration Rajeswari Sunder Rajan Office: 503, 13 University Place Office hours: TBA Class time: T 6.20-8.20 pm Course description: Various forms of dislocation, such as exile, diaspora, and migration, have been productively and extensively explored in both postcolonial theory and literary texts. In this seminar we shall explore how and why these phenomena, especially as they are associated with colonialism and its aftermath, have become central topics of postcolonial thought. We will be particularly interested in identifying the theoretical coordinates of this aspect of postcolonialism. Although diaspora has undeniably brought about profound changes in the demographics, cultures, epistemologies and politics of the post-colonial world, whether the sole emphasis on displacement--as opposed to indigeneity, belonging, or residence--is true to the postcolonial condition, remains an issue. It is an undisputed historical fact that the past century has witnessed the large-scale displacement and dispersal of populations across the world as a result of major political upheavals, among them the two European wars, decolonization and the Cold war. Following on these, globalization, spurred by free trade and increased capital flows, and new technologies of communication, information, and travel, has accelerated the movement of people, commodities, ideas, and cultures across the world. Diaspora is regarded not as a singular phenomenon but as historically varied and heterogeneous in its aspects. The transnational mobility of people may be the result of forced or voluntary migration, of self-exile or expulsion. Refugees, people in transit, are the product of war, ethnic conflict and natural calamity. Under the generalized rubric of diaspora, we will engage with some of the following topics: the histories of slavery and indentured labor, the material aspects of migrant labor and livelihood, the experiences of displacement and homelessness (the politics of dispossession as Said called it), the ideologies of home and nation, the cultures of diaspora, the politics of multiculturalism, the predicament of minorities, the exilic perspective, the redefinition of cosmopolitanism, identity questions (belonging, national origins , assimilation, acculturation), and issues relating to race (racism), sexuality and gender. Postcolonial cultural studies has a special interest in theorizing the new phenomena of borders and borderlands, mixing, hybridity, language (for example, global English), translation, double consciousness, history and its lack; and in the affective dimensions of migration and diaspora (homesickness, memory, nostalgia, melancholy). Diaspora is a multidisciplinary field, and we will draw on writings in anthropology, geography, psychoanalysis, post-structuralist theory, history, literary studies, and cultural studies. Writers to be studied will include: Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Gloria Anzaldua, Stuart Hall, James Clifford, Paul Gilroy, Rey Chow, Arjun Appadurai, Theodore Adorno, Jacques Derrida, Deleuze and Guattari, V.S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott, and Salman Rushdie. Course requirements and grading: 1. 2. Weekly response papers (300 words) (10 best)+ attendance + participation in class discussion: 50% Final essay (4000 words), due last week of term: 50% Weekly schedule (tentative and subject to some changes) Week 1: Introduction and overview. Historical contexts, theoretical questions, and literary representations. Exile and modernism. Texts: Steiner; Eagleton; Philips, ed. Extravagant Strangers; Braziel and Mannur anthology; Guillen; Israel, Introduction to Outlandish; Kobena Mercer; Deleuze and Guattari Week 2: the histories of slavery and indentured labor, Texts: Gilroy; Mishra; Ghosh, Sea of Poppies; Philips, Cambridge Week 3: Immigration Texts: Bhattacharjee; Balibar; Lowe; Film: Dirty Pretty Things Week 4: Displacement and homelessness: the refugee. Texts: J.Bhabha; Malkki; Said, After the Last Sky; Naipaul, Mimic Men Week 5: the ideologies of home and nation Texts: Gopinath; George Week 6: Minorities and multiculturalism Texts: H.Bhabha; Radhakrishnan; Spivak Week 7: The exilic perspective; the diasporic intellectual Texts: Adorno; Said, Reflections on Exile, Representations of the Intellectual; Culture and Imperialism; JanMohammed; Achebe; Rushdie, Imaginary Homelands; Chow Week 8: Cosmopolitanism, internationalism, planetarity Texts: Cheah and Robbins; Clifford; Said, W/T/C; Robbins Week 9: identity questions (assimilation, acculturation) Texts: Derrida; Hall; Walcott; essays from Lavie & Swedonborg Week 10: race, sexuality and gender. Texts: Altman; Brah; Carole Boyce Davies; Gopinath; Massad Week 11: Travel, tourism, ethnography Texts: Behdad; Heng; Pratt; Clifford; Ghosh, Imam and the Indian ; Kaplan Week 12: Borders and borderlands, mixing, hybridity, language, translation Texts: Anzaldua; H. Bhabha; Salman Rushdie, Satanic Verses. Week 13: affective dimensions of migration and diaspora (homesickness, memory, nostalgia, melancholy). Texts: Adorno; Derrida; Amitava Kumar; Rushdie, Imaginary Homelands; Philips, ed. Extravagant Strangers Week 14: Globalization Texts: Appadurai; Gikandi; Hardt and Negri; Sassen; Krishnaswamy and Hawley Reading list (selected chapters and essays only, TBA) Achebe, Chinua. Home and Exile. New York: Oxford University Place, 2000. Adorno, Theodore. Minima Moralia (1951). Trans. by E. F. N. Jephcott. London: Verso 1974. Altman, Dennis. Global Sex. University of Chicago Press, 2001. Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. Aunt Lute Books, 1987. Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Balibar, Etienne. We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship. Translated by James Swenson. Princetopn: Princeton UP, 2003. Behdad, Ali. Belated Travelers: Orientalism in the Age of Colonial Dissolution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994. Bhabha, Homi. Location of Culture. Routledge, 1994. Bhabha, Jacqueline. Embodied Rights: Gender Persecution, State Sovereignty, and Refugees, Public Culture 9, 1996: 3-32 Brah, Avtar. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Chow, Rey. Writing Diaspora: Tactics of Intervention in Contemporary Cultural Studies. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1993. Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. Davies, Carole Boyce. Black Women, Writing, and Identity: Migrations of the Subject. Routledge, 1994. Deleuze, Gilles and Felix Guattari. Nomadology: The War Machine. Trans. Brian Massumi. New York: Semiotext(e), 1986. Derrida, Jacques. Monolingualism of the Other; or, the Prosthesis of Origin. Trans. Patrick Mensah. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Eagleton, Terry. Exiles and Emigr s. Studies in Modern Literature, London, Chatto and Windus, 1970. George, Rosemary Marangoly. The Politics of Home: Postcolonial Relocations and Twentieth Century Fiction. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1996. [Reprinted in Paperback from University of California Press, 1999.] Ghosh, Amitav. The Imam and the Indian. Essays. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal, 2002. Gikandi, Simon. Globalization and the Claims of Postcoloniality . The South Atlantic Quarterly, Volume 100, Number 3, Summer 2001, pp. 627-658 Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992. Gopinath, Gayatri. Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2005. Guillen, Claudio. The Writer in Exile or the Literature of Exile and Counter-Exile. Books Abroad 50 (1976): 271-280. Hall, Stuart. "Cultural Identity and Diaspora." Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. 1993; also in Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: a Reader. Eds. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993: 392-401. Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Empire. Harvard University Press, 2000. Israel, Nico. Outlandish: Writing between Exile and Diaspora. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2000. JanMohamed, Abdul R. "Worldliness-Without-World, Homelessness-Without-Home: Toward a Definition of the Specular Border Intellectual." In Edward Said: A Critical Reader. Ed. Michael Sprinker. Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 1992, pp. 96120. Kaplan, Caren. Questions of Travel: Postmodern Discourses of Displacement. Durham: Duke UP, 1996. Kumar, Amitava. Bombay-London-New York. New York: Routledge, 2002. Lowe, Lisa. Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1996. Malkki, Lisa. review essay in Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 1995 Massad, Joseph. Re-Orienting Desire: The Gay International and the Arab World. Public Culture 14.2 (Spring 2002): 361-85. Mishra, Vijay. The literature of the Indian diaspora: theorizing the diasporic imaginary. London ; New York : Routledge, 2007 Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes: Studies in Travel Writing and. Transculturation. London and New York: Routledge. 1992. Radhakrishnan, R. Diasporic Mediations: Between Home and Location. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Robbins, Bruce. Feeling Global: Internationalism in Distress. New York: New York University Press, 1999. Rushdie, Salman. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. London: Granta, 1992. Said, Edward W. The World, the Text, and the Critic; After the Last Sky; Culture and Imperialism ( the Voyage In ); Representations of the Intellectual; Reflections on Exile (1984), in Reflections on Exile and Other Literary and Cultural Essays, London, Granta Books, 2001. Sassen, Saskia. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Seidel, Michael. Exile and the Narrative Imagination. New Haven: Yale UP, 1986. Seyhan, Azade. Writing Outside the Nation. Princeton University Press, 2001. ("Neither Here/Nor There: The Culture of Exile," Chapter 1, 3-22). Spivak, Gayatri. "Diasporas Old and New: Women in the Transnational World." Textual Practice 10.2 (1996): 245-269; also in Amitava Kumar, ed., Class Issues: Pedagogy, Cultural Studies, and the Public Sphere, pp. 87-116. New York & London: New York University Press, 1997. 87-116. Steiner, George. Extraterritorial. Papers on Literature and the Language Revolution. New York 1971. Walcott, Derek. The Antilles; Fragments of Epic Memory. Nobel lecture, 1992. Available online. Anthologies, collections and edited volumes (selections) Alexander, Jacqui M. & C. Mohanty, eds., Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures. Routledge, 1997. Selected essays (Bhattacharjee; Heng) Braziel, Jana Evans & Anita Mannur. (Eds.) Theorizing Diaspora: A reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. Cheah, Pheng and Bruce Robbins, eds. Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling Beyond the Nation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. Grewal, Inderpal and Caren Kaplan. Eds. Scattered Hegemonies: Postmodernity and Transnational Feminist Practices. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. King, Russell et al. ed. Writing across Worlds: Literature and Migration. Routledge, 1995 (lit.criticism) Krishnaswamy, Revathi and John Charles Hawley, eds. The Postcolonial and the Global. University of Minnesota Press, 2007. Lavie, S. and T. Swedenburg eds., Displacement, Diaspora and Geographies of Identity, Durham, Duke University Press, 1996. Lionnet, Francoise and Shu-mei Shih (eds). Minor Transnationalism. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Mercer, Kobena. Ed. Exiles, Diasporas & Strangers. Co-published by inIVA and The MIT Press, 2008. Philips, Caryl. ed. Extravagant Strangers.1997. Susan Rubin Suleiman ed., Exile and Creativity. Signposts, Travelers, Outsiders, Backward Glances, Durham and London, Duke University Press, 1998. Journals. Diaspora, Public Culture, Cultural studies Fiction, poetry, cinema (for additional reading only) Ghosh, A. Sea of Poppies. Penguin Viking, 2008. Naipaul, V.S. The Mimic Men; The Enigma of Arrival; Bend in the River Philips, Caryl. Cambridge. 1991. Crossing the River.1993. Rushdie, Salman. Satanic Verses. 1989. Walcott, Derek. Omeros. 1990.Collected Poems 1948-84. London: Faber & Faber, 1986. Frears, Stephen. (film) Dir. Dirty Pretty Things (2002) Recommended texts Braziel, Jana Evans & Anita Mannur. (Eds.) Theorizing Diaspora: A reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. Course-pack.

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